Essay on The Problem of Evil - 1269 Words

Andrew R. 11/21/12 Phil 300 The Problem of Evil One of the most interesting questions in the world is, â€Å"If a God exists, why is there evil in the world?† Most people respond with, â€Å"If God created the universe and us, then there should not be evil in the world,† when asked about God or any other powerful being. The problem of evil is also believed to be the cause of Atheism, and I do believe that there is a solution for this. The problem of evil is not a correct argument. The arguments from evil state that if there is a God who is omniscient, omnipotent and perfectly good, then there would be no evil or suffering in the world. Evil does exist, therefore, god does not exist. If God existed, he would not allow evil into the world†¦show more content†¦I believe that Atheism is not winning though because I do not agree with the argument they give. Atheists only say God cannot be real because of all the suffering. In the world perhaps, this suffering can sometimes be justified. Theism may be a solution for the problem of evil. It is the belief in the existence of a God or Gods. They believe in a personal God that created the world (WikiPedia). A defense to the problem of evil is free will. However, natural evil is not evil caused by humans, so this defense is invalid because natural evil exists whether there is free will or not. An example of natural evil are disasters like fires and hurricanes. It was Augustine that did find a solution to the problem of evil. The problem of evil has even been talked about amongst Western religions that include Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. According to WikiPedia, Western religions believe in Dualism, two kinds of reality that are material and nonmaterial. It is believed that God created the universe and will end it someday. In Judaism, the problem of evil, or in simpler terms, suffering, is mentioned in the Book of Job. The Book of Job questions why suffering exists, however this book offers no solution. Furt her reading on wikipedia shows these two religions both believe there is a solution. One solution is that God’s power is limited. IShow MoreRelatedEvil : The Problem Of Evil720 Words   |  3 Pagesin a world where evil exists, it is logically impossible and that is what created the problem of evil. Problem of Evil: There are two sides of the problem of evil which are the logical and evidential arguments. The logical side states that as long as evil and suffering exists in this world there is no God. That does not only contradict with the idea of God being â€Å"all-good†, but also him being â€Å"all-knowing† and â€Å"all-powerful† as well. Because, if God only desires good, then how evil was formed unlessRead MoreThe Problem of Evil1648 Words   |  7 PagesThe problem of evil is the notion that, how can an all-good, all-powerful, all-loving God exists when evil seems to exist also. The problem of evil also gives way to the notion that if hell exists then God must be evil for sending anyone there. I believe both of these ideas that God can exist while there is evil and God is not evil for sending anyone to hell. I believe hell exists in light of the idea that God is holy and just. The larger is how anyone can go to heaven. I will try to answer the problemRead MoreProble m With The Problem Of Evil2026 Words   |  9 PagesThe Problem with the Problem of Evil I am arguing that the Logical Problem of Evil (LPE) is not a successful argument to reject the existence of God. This is due to the LPE arguing with an inaccurate definition for the word â€Å"good†. With the correct definition of â€Å"good,† I will show that an all-good and all-powerful God can logically exist simultaneously with evil. A response for my objection could be the Furthermore, if we allow the inadequate use of the word â€Å"evil†, the LPE still does not constituteRead MoreProblem of Evil1614 Words   |  7 PagesThe Problem Of Evil There are many events throughout the world that occur, that we cannot explain. The evils that exist are moral and non-moral evils. The moral evils that exist are poverty, oppression, persecution, war and injustice. The non-moral evils that occur frequently but not usually on a daily basis are earthquakes, hurricanes, storms, flood, drought, and blight (philosophy. Lander.edu/intro/hick.stml). These evils happen with thousands of people dying daily for no reason. The problemRead MoreThe Problem Of Evil And Moral Evil1093 Words   |  5 Pagesare made to explain the problem of evil and why it exists in our world when God is all-knowing, all-powerful, and all-good. The subject of evil and why it exists is a difficult topic to find an exact answer to, especially when evil is presented in the form of nature. Natural evil and moral evil are two different types of evil that take form and cause suffering to humans. Natural evil is â€Å"events and maladies in nature that bring suffering upon mankind and nature.† Natural evil can be difficult to explainRead MoreProblem of Evil819 Words   |  3 Pagesnot bring happiness. Dojeon shows that there is inequality between heaven and earth, even though a creature’s next life is based upon its good or evil intentions in its previous life. In Buddhist belief, the â€Å"causes† are the good and evil actions that a creature commits in its life, whereas the â€Å"fruits† are the rewards and consequences of the good and evil actions that transpire later in its lifetime. Dojeon does not believe that this description is sufficient for people to believe. According to Neo-ConfucianRead More The Problem Of Evil Essay925 Words   |  4 Pages The Problem of Evil Evil exists, a plain and simple fact. The argument for the problem of evil (and suffering) proves that fact. The argument for the problem of evil states that there is a all-good, all-powerful God. It states that God being all-good means that he only wants good to exist. But, look at all the bad and evil in the world. A total contradiction of a all-good God. God being all- powerful means that he can make whatever he wants. So, if God can make whatever he wants then why did heRead MoreThe Problem of Evil in Philosophy1684 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿The Problem of Evil in Philosophy What is the classic problem of evil in the Western philosophical/theological tradition (the trilemma)? The  problem of evil  is the question of how to reconcile the existence of evil with that of a deity who is omnipotent, omniscient, and omnibenevolent. The trilemma was stated by the Greek philosopher Epicurus during antiquity and was restated during the modern period by David Hume. Epicurus poses a trilemma in order to refute the notion of an omnipotent andRead MoreThe Logical Problem Of Evil1535 Words   |  7 PagesThe logical problem of evil is often referred to as the inconsistent triad, this being that the following propositions; God is omnipotent, omnibenevolent and evil exists, are inconsistent. Also known as a reduction ad absurdum argument, whereby all three propositions cannot be true together. Theists, like Swinburne, come to the conclusion that the three propositions are compatible with one another, whereas atheists, like Mackie, believe that they are incompatible and therefore God does not existRead MoreThe Problem Of Evil And Atheism1187 Words   |  5 Pagesowe to prove his thesis about the problems of evil and atheism, Rowe asks three fundamental questions. The first question, â€Å"is there an argument for atheism based on the problem of evil that could rationally justify atheism?† Supporting his question, Rowe by uses the idea of human and animal suffering.is it reasonable for omnipotent, omniscient being(s) to permits its creation to suffer by extinguish each other for their own personal benefits. If there is such a thing as an omnibenevolent, omnipotent

Dulce Et Decorum Est And The Soldier Free Essays

Dulce et decorum est is written regarding the First World War in the hindsight of the battle of the Somme. This takes a somewhat cynical view on warfare. The soldier by Rupert Brooke on the other hand takes a very strong patriotic feel and this shines through more then anything else. We will write a custom essay sample on Dulce Et Decorum Est And The Soldier or any similar topic only for you Order Now The soldier paints a picture of English serenity and whereas â€Å"dulce et.† portrays Owens anger at the indifference of those at home who continued to propagate lies. You can see the influence of Siegfried Sassoon in this piece. The language is more direct and shocking â€Å"guttering, choking, drowning† helps convey the grievance in the air. In the soldier the language is less deplorable and has a feel more of a love poem â€Å"her sights and sounds†¦ under an English Heaven† this coupled with the fact that the poem is written as a sonnet reiterates the feel of Love. Both poems are based on death in Wars. However Brooke paints a more glamorised and less direct picture of death â€Å"if I should die, think only this of me: That there’s some corner of a foreign field†¦blest by suns of home.† This evokes the idealistic image of a perfect England in a ‘Golden’ age, such as many believe existed immediately prior to the First World War. This does however expose the arrogance that Brooke perhaps had. It places too much importance on his own sacrifices and not on the general sacrifices being made by so many, and on the loss of a way of life, which the war would bring out like many other First World War poets such as ‘Edward Thomas’ and ‘Charles Hamilton Sorely’. Owen on the other hand almost haunts the reader using fiery vocabulary to help depict the shocking death of a soldier â€Å"guttering, Choking, Drowning.† Owen clearly wanted to address the people at home and suggests to them that if, in their worst nightmares, they could re-live this experience, they would not keep repeating that it is good and sweet to die for your country. He is saying that no one who has witnessed these horrors could ever encourage anyone to take part in such a war. He had already pointed out the exhaustion of the soldiers â€Å"drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots† helping the reader to visualise the lack of awareness of the soldiers. This certainly will give the reader a much more negative take on the war contaray to the over-hyped propaganda war that those at home believe. Brooke conveys the image that was painted by the media in Britain at the time of the war and even in death, he believes he cannot remove that sense of pride from him and his passing will not be in vain if, at home in England people are, once again happy and at peace. He feels that by his death he will have given back to England everything, and more, that it gave to him. The happiness and security earned by his sacrifice will buy his eternal peace † this heart, all evil shed away, A pulse in the eternal mind† Owen continues his cynicalism of the war in the last verse using necessarily harsh and wicked language â€Å"come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs†. They fling the man into a wagon, because they know there is no point in being gentle- he will soon be dead anyway. The description of his face and eyes â€Å"And watch the white eyes writhing in his face† gives him a ghost-like quality. This verse is intended to demonstrate the realism of a violent, u nnecessary death; hence it builds to a crescendo of anger, before a final earnest plea to stop the lies. These two poems could be no more different. ‘The soldier’ is a poem supporting the war in a way not too dissimilar to the way the media in that time promoted it whilst ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’ is a pessimistic take on a war that was conveyed by the British media as far from the truth as possible. Owen wanted the British people to know the truth about the war and expressed these feelings best in his poetry. Brooke in contrast went along with the glamorized image that had been portrayed by the media, which wasn’t a fair reflection on the war. How to cite Dulce Et Decorum Est And The Soldier, Papers

One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest Essay Summary Example For Students

One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest Essay Summary The Tone in MindThe imagination is the readers most important tool on the path to enjoying a good book. One can only hinder their enjoyment of the story by disregarding the vivid images created by the mind. Nothing can compare to a landscape so exquisite that it would make a cinematographer jealous, or a prison so cold that you can see the inmates hot breath. However, some authors offer help for those who are creatively impaired. In One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, the author, Ken Kesey builds such an effective tone, that the shifts in the attitudes of the characters can be detected. In the first half of the novel, Kesey uses a wonderful device to show oppression that makes the reader feel as if they themselves are going insane. Bromden describes it best. Shes got the fog machine switched onand the more I think about how nothing can be helped, the faster the fog rolls in, (Kesey 101). This fog is not literally there, but instead appears when Kesey wants to create an atmosphere that is disparaging. This dark tone is also emphasized through Bromdens nightmares. In one of the dreams, the hospital turns into a hot industrial factory where the noise of cold, hard, unyielding machinery is almost deafening, (78-82). During the dream, one of the old Chronics, Blastic, is Hung on a hook and sent away into the machines. The strange thing is that he actually does die. Bromdens dream is actually a metaphor for the quick disposal of those who do not survive the nurses treatment. It is as if she does not want any evidence that her patients are not recovering. So, the effect th e reader is left with is one representative of how unceremoniously a death is dealt with in the hospital. Death and despair also come in the form of shock treatments. A patient was usually given a quick, yet mind-blowing zap for unruly behavior. When Bromden observes the outburst of another chronic, he actually thinks that the guy finally just snapped, and is throwing a fit so theyll give him a fatal shock treatment. While this guy is going out of his mind and attacking the guards, Bromden thinks, What makes people so impatient is what I cant figure; all the guy had to do was wait, (115). Bromden sees that the ward and the nurse herself will kill him in time. So, he looks upon this behavior with disapproval.. Through Bromdens hazy attitude, Kesey makes the reader feel the dark cloud of frustration and despair that hangs over the ward. Fortunately, this doesnt last too long, for a whole new tone is taken on when McMurphy pledges that he will stop at nothing to crush the nurses tyranny. First, it is a tone that often accompanies a heated battle, and it is displayed at its height when McMurphy and Miss Ratched face off at the meetings. Almost like a prizefight, the nurse and McMurphy square off while the other patients look on starry-eyed. Of course, the entire audience is rooting for McMurphy. This strained sparring comes to a head when McMurphy holds vote to change the daily schedule in order to watch the World Series. The meeting starts out in the deepest fog to date, but it begins to dissipate for good. Bromden describes McMurphys triumph;And then off down the slope I see them, other hands coming up out of the fog. Its likethat big red hand of McMurphys is reaching into thefog and dropping down and dragging the men up by their hands, draggingthem blinking into the open, (124). .uf375d22fc3f6e83c4f67189b5d10004f , .uf375d22fc3f6e83c4f67189b5d10004f .postImageUrl , .uf375d22fc3f6e83c4f67189b5d10004f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf375d22fc3f6e83c4f67189b5d10004f , .uf375d22fc3f6e83c4f67189b5d10004f:hover , .uf375d22fc3f6e83c4f67189b5d10004f:visited , .uf375d22fc3f6e83c4f67189b5d10004f:active { border:0!important; } .uf375d22fc3f6e83c4f67189b5d10004f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf375d22fc3f6e83c4f67189b5d10004f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf375d22fc3f6e83c4f67189b5d10004f:active , .uf375d22fc3f6e83c4f67189b5d10004f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf375d22fc3f6e83c4f67189b5d10004f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf375d22fc3f6e83c4f67189b5d10004f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf375d22fc3f6e83c4f67189b5d10004f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf375d22fc3f6e83c4f67189b5d10004f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf375d22fc3f6e83c4f67189b5d10004f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf375d22fc3f6e83c4f67189b5d10004f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf375d22fc3f6e83c4f67189b5d10004f .uf375d22fc3f6e83c4f67189b5d10004f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf375d22fc3f6e83c4f67189b5d10004f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Crucible - Revenge EssayWhen Bromden himself raises his hand, and breaks the barrier that his false deafness has put on, the tone is completely changed. He may still play deaf for awhile, but the fact that he thinks about playing deaf and acknowledges that he must keep up the facade, shows that he and the tone have changed. After this, Kesey puts an almost nostalgic tone on the story. The Acutes, Bromden, and the doctor go on an antic filled fishing trip that makes the group seem as if they did this every weekend, and that insanity had never crossed their minds. On the car ride back, Bromden says of McMurphy, His relaxed, good-natured voice dolled out his life for us to live, a rollicking pastfor all of us to dream ourselves into, (218). The men see that they can change and finally go back out into the world that they had been so afraid of. When McMurphy dies at the end, Kesey does not allow his characters to mourn or forget all that they have learned. Instead the story keeps a positive attitude because Kesey is trying to communicate to the reader that life will go on. So, why does Kesey turn a wonderful exploration into the dank side of the human psyche into a light romp that tries to mask the deeper issues at hand? He does this because it is the inherent behavior of humans to mask their apprehensions, especially of impending doom. Everyone, including the reader knows that McMurphy cannot succeed. Kesey hints at it many times. However, it is natural to pretend that it will all turn out for the best. This is what Kesey truly explores through his tone, among other things, in this novel.

Short History by Johnathan Riley-Smith free essay sample

The Crusades: A Short History by Johnathan Riley-Smith The Crusades: A Short History, written by British Historian Jonathan Riley-Smith, offers a broad overview of this part of the medieval era, but he also explores how historians have attempted to explain these events in modern terms. Riley-Smith also makes sure to note all major contributors to the Crusade movement and their personalities. Numerous scholars have wondered whether this was a political or religious mission. This helps to spark the question of why people would leave their homes and their families to risk their lives invading a land that was thousands of miles away for religious reasons. In his book, Riley-Smith makes this era come alive for the modern reader. He does a very good job of leaving it up to the reader to decide and interpret the material how they wish. He seems to have no bias. Johnathan Riley-Smith begins with the birth of the crusading movement and the ideas that led to the actual crusades. We will write a custom essay sample on Short History by Johnathan Riley-Smith or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The background information about the beliefs of these societies and foundations of their pasts help the reader to understand why they believed the way that they did. He proceeds chronologically through ten chapters to the Old Age and Death of the Crusading Movement, which occurred between 1523 and 1798. Riley-Smith shows how the violence of the Crusades was justified according to the beliefs of that era. The people of that era compared this military action in terms of the intentions involved. Almost, in a manner comparable to that of a surgeon who causes pain to a patient in order to save a life. But, also, he shows how the crusaders understood the topic of authority and politics. This involved viewing the Holy Land as an earthly extension to Christs universal empire, which meant that, to them, the Holy Land was Christs royal domain or patrimony. Many scholars now tend to interpret the Crusades with modern ideology, concentrating on factors that relate to establishment, economics, politics, colonization, etc. Riley-Smith explains the viewpoint of the massive majority of crusaders, showing that it was religious fervor and absolute devotion to the Roman Catholic Church, which was largely connected and entangled with their past history and then became their bias that provided the motivation that caused the Crusades. Therefore, he shows how the conflicting nature of the Crusades came about. For example, invading and killing a lands people in the name of Jesus Christ, the Prin ce of Peace. The first chapter offers necessary background information to understanding the roots of the crusade movement. Riley-Smith sets the stage for the account of the First Crusade, which is the topic for the second chapter, beginning with the call of Pope Urban II to retake Jerusalem along with a bit of political backing. The third chapter describes the office of the patriarch that existed in both Jerusalem and Antioch. Chapter four discusses the settlement, control and defense of the Latin East that existed between 1097 and 1187. Chapter five talks about the early crusades of the twelfth century and the Second Crusade. Chapter six contains the Third, Fourth and Fifth Crusades, which occurred between 1187 and 1229. Chapter seven covers the years 1229 through roughly 1291. Chapter eight describes the Latin East briefly, and chapter nine also offers an overview, which discusses the diversity of the crusades that occurred between 1291 and 1523. The book ends with chapter ten, which discusses the crusading movement in its old age, which includes the topics of the Reformation, the military orders, and the Hospitallers of St. John and Malta. The Conclusion describes how the Crusades have been understood in different historical eras. In addition to these topics, Riley-Smith also offers descriptions of the several other Christian military operations, which were instigated against the pagan peoples who lived in northern Europe, as well as against the â€Å"heretics† living in the south of France and the Muslims living in Spain. I actually enjoyed this depiction of the Crusades. Even though I first had to make sure that I had a dictionary handy when I read it, I thought that Riley-Smith made it very easy to understand. He sentences flowed very well and I liked the fact that he left everything chronologically in order and didn’t go back and forth multiple times. The chapters were well titled for any reader to understand what was in the material. I also enjoyed the fact that they weren’t incredibly long and repetitive. I think that this book taught me way more about the Crusades than I ever knew before. I had no idea that it was all mainly started for religious reasons. The pasts of one group of people who had never even been to Jerusalem or even seen it, helped to build the foundation of the entire movement. It just is astonishing to me that all of those years of fighting was being justified by Jesus Christ. I don’t think that fighting for something you believe in is wrong, I just didn’t really know how the Crusades were started. I thought that Johnathan Riley-Smith seemed to show no bias towards any certain points of view when it came to this book. I thought that would be very difficult once I started reading and saw that it was about Christianity, one of the biggest religions in the world. Everyone is bias when it comes to religion so for him to go through the whole book and history of the Crusades without sounding â€Å"preachy† I thought was an accomplishment in itself. I questioned multiple parts of this book though just because I know that even though it started for â€Å"religious gain† I still think that it did in the end become more of a fight for control of land and power. I think that Riley-Smith is very honest but it this book is still so broad that it leaves a lot for the reader to decipher and decide what really happened. In all the research that I did though in to the history of the crusades and Riley-Smith himself, I do think that he gives the most honest representation of the crusades that I have ever seen to date. Like I said, up until now all the books I have read or movies I have seen, I never knew that the crusades was founded on the ideas of Christianity. There are parts that I would like to even go back and read again. I think that he does a fantastic job to keep the history interesting as well as making it easy to read. Johnathan Riley-Smith, I think, is a very knowledgeable historian who would be a very good source for information on this subject. I think that his book worth even using in a class for some sort of project or even a text book. He doesn’t make it incredibly dry, boring, and you want to go to sleep in ten minutes like our text book does to me sometimes. I would recommend this book for anyone who would have to ever do a paper or any type of school work on the crusades. I enjoyed this book very much.

Palestine essays

Palestine essays It can be said that , from the outset, the link between European colonialism in the middle east and the Palestine question, is as strong as the link which exists between the Holy Quran and Muslims, and Jews and the Torah. The reason this statement is accurate is, because the British occupation of Palestine, from 1917 to 1947, was a direct cause of the Palestine question. To understand this point, it is necessary to examine the period in which the British were granted administrative power of Palestine by the League of Nations ,from 1917 to 1948, under the so called Mandate system. The purpose of the mandate was to make the mandated nation capable of self rule by its inhabitants, which in the case of Palestine, was Arab-Palestinians by majority. Instead the British administration in Palestine took Britains self interests into hand and tried to create a national Jewish homeland by Implementing earlier agreements made with Zionist nations, such as the Balfour agreement, Into the manda te which gave them the right to colonize Palestine. This deprived the Palestinians of self-determination and instead made them Another British colony, which led to a Arab revolt. These factors, which must be further looked into to understand there significance to the topic, all contributed to the issue of the Palestinian question , which was placed before the newly formed United nations in April ,1947. To understand the question of Palestine and the conflict which happened because of it Between the Arabs and Jews , we must look to the past of these two groups, for there claims over Palestine have existed since biblical time, and also there religious claims, which adds another Dimension to the conflict. Islam and Judaism have similarities between the two. They both claim from lineage Abraham, the Arab-Muslims from Ishmael, Abraham first son with his handmaiden Hagar. While the Jews, from Isaac, Abrahams and his wife Sarah...

An Analysis of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Kentucky Fried Chicken and McDonalds

An Analysis of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Kentucky Fried Chicken and McDonalds Strengths Among the strengths is that KFC has adequate financial resources. KFC is the second best global fast food brand in terms of value. Besides, KFC enjoys global presence just like McDonalds with almost seventeen thousand (17,000) outlets across 105 countries. Additionally, KFC’s estimated value is US$6 billion. Therefore, as a fast food outlet, KFC has a better financial muscle to facilitate its expansion. Further, KFC enjoys perfect marketing tools. KFC commands the market with a lot of competitors featuring chicken as their main merchandise. It has placed itself plainly with a great trade name among the fast food chains. To illustrate, the company enjoys a strong market standing in the market, China. Besides, KFC gets half of its total revenue from the Chinese market, a market where it has close to 4,000 restaurants (Yang 2014). Weaknesses Despite all its strengths, KFC still receives negative publicity and criticism from PETA. The criticisms result mainly due to the nature of the food they are selling. For instance, the company has received negative criticisms for selling chicken wing with a kidney. Furthermore, they have received negative publicity due to their unhealthy food menu. Some of the firms customers claim that KFC menu contains high-calorie foods. The other weakness that threatens to pull down the brand is high employee turnover. Among the things causing high rates of turnover is, low wage rates. Besides, the company invests so much in training their low skilled workers, which increases the overall cost of operation (Mylonakis Evripiotis 2016). Question 2-LO3b Political Factors Individual state policies enforced by the government, influences the operations of any business and especially, McDonalds. For example, there are people in Europe and America that have been protesting to their states regarding the health effects of taking junk food. The groups allege that obesity and cholesterol are attributable to taking junk foods. Besides, there are other factors like tax laws, employment provisions, and related trade limitations. Undoubtedly, tax rates influence the growth of a business greatly. On the other hand, employment laws like working hours regulations will necessitate a business to hire more staff. If a state amends such laws, then the cost of doing business will go up (Greenspan 2015). Economic Factors Further, Greenspan (2015) points out that changes in inflation and exchange rates affect businesses like McDonalds, which enjoy of a global presence. The chains have no otherwise other than to adapt to the changes and implications of the economic environments. For example, when the rate of inflation goes up, the cost of raw materials increases. It is correct to argue that economic factors affect demand and supply relationship. Besides, cost of living and wage rate can affect the operations of business in a state. Socio-Cultural Factors McDonalds global strategies seem to act on a number of fields to ensure worthwhile profits for the firm. For example, the business thrives by creating a positive attitude from their regulars. McDonalds have comprehended its regulars based on their various aspects. Based recent research, most customers frequenting McDonald’s outlets are below the age of 35 (Greenspan 2015). Technological Factors Additionally, McDonalds main marketing tool is using television advertisements. In addition, the advancement in technology allows the business to conduct elements like inventory system and supply chain management through advanced payment systems. Their integration with advanced systems adds value to their products. Adoption of technology, therefore, allows the company to operate efficiently in a global context (Greenspan 2015). Environment Nonetheless, the operations of McDonalds in a particular region influence its social responsibility, for instance, accusations of environmental damage. To illustrate, if McDonald chooses to employ non-biodegradable substances for the glasses and Styrofoam coffers, they will face such claims and allegations (Greenspan 2015). Question-3LO3c According to Air New Zealand (2013), the company focuses on the contentment of both the staff and clientele and promotion. Being a number one airline in the world is not easy. It requires a joint effort from both the management and staff. Their skilled workforce enables the company to serve its clients satisfactorily. The airline has dedicated staff, and that is why the company won the ATW award in 2010and 2012. Further, promotion and high rate of sales contribute to its excellent performance. Marque (2012) points out that the airlines working methods has enabled them to earn high revenues of up to NZ$4,486 million (in 2012). Among the external environmental factors, influencing the companys ability to achieve goals is the strategic alliance. For example, the company entered into a partnership with, Quantas. An alliance with Quantas presents one of the primary and most fundamental pillars of the airline. The company could not go alone on international routes. The best they could do was to form an alliance to solve its strategic dilemmas (Air New Zealand, 2012). Diebelius (2015) in his arguement asserts that the innovative nature of the company provides its clients with the best long-haul flights to various destinations. SkyCouch and Spaceseat are two extraordinary innovations that the company has achieved. Furthermore, a consistently high standard of customer services has enabled the company to compete favorably. The airline constantly reinvents and refines its products. After developing the SkyCouch and the Spaceseat, other airlines would have taken time out. By the time the other airlines are on that pl atform, Air New Zealand is on its next innovation giving it a competitive advantage over other airlines. Question 4-Lob4 From a classical perspective, the purpose of business to exist is for distributing goods and services to the society. Thereafter, the business will create economic value, which consequently generates income for the companys shareholders (Kitzmueller Shimshack 2012). The management runs an organization in the best interest of the owners. In the case of Fonterra, the company should focus a lot on the interest its shareholders rather than the society. According to the socio-economic view of social responsibility, maximizing income comes as a second priority. What comes first is, protecting the society in which the business operates in by improving the general welfare of the people (Kitzmueller Shimshack 2012). In this case, Fonterra should focus so much on the society rather than the interests of the owners.

Construction Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Construction Law - Assignment Example The feedback from the client is also on the negative side as projects are unpredictable regarding delivery time, budgets always exceeding the initial estimated and quality of work failing to meet industry standards. (Department of Trade and industry, 1998)A lot of time is also lost in trials and litigations thereafter. Another problem is that the industry is highly fragmented with a lot of players thus leading to loss of continuity in working and delay in assessing ones exact scope of work. It is with respect to these ambiguities that a proper study of the English Contract Law needs to be done prior to entering into an agreement. A contract is a set of promises made by one party to another party, the breach of which could enter both the parties into a dispute. The clauses in the contract would then act as a sort of remedy of the performance to be undertaken. Some of the terms relevant to the English Contract Law are (i) The Proof of the Promise: This is achieved by the idea of objective intention. This would in effect be the intentions of the concerned parties that an external observer like a court would decide when this matter is referred to it. A case which illustrates this idea is that of the ‘Smith v. Hughes (1871). This involved the claimant making a sale of oats to the defendant who bought these to feed his horses. Horses require old oats since newly harvested oats can cause digestion problem for the horses. However it later came to light that the oats were not old enough to feed the horses. The defendant subsequently refused to pay any money to the claimant. The critical point in this judgement is for the judge to decide whether the sale of oats by the claimant unreasonable when he was offering to sell old oats and how could one possibly decide whether the oats were old enough to feed horses. (Tilbury Nadine, 2006) (ii) The Form of

Write your opinion about northern ontario Assignment

Write your opinion about northern ontario - Assignment Example This place the region in the north although the region is not very northerly compared to other Canadian provinces. The only distinct region in Ontario is the north and south. Over the years, the region that can be referred to as North Ontario registered a population decline. At the same time, southern Ontario gained population. In addition, the northern part is sparsely population but the southern regions have more people per square kilometer by more than 100 times. This population difference has not always been like that. According to statistics, northern Ontario has lost people due to emigration. The difference between the northern regions and the southern regions was probably not as large in the past. Economy in the north has been characterized by boom and bush. This probably explains wild population changes. Migrations must have been dictated by this boom and bust cycles. This kind of boom/bust cycles are common with economies that rely heavily in resource extraction. As long as the resource has huge demand, the boom attracts people and bust pushes people into other regions. Population in the north could have been more stable if the region’s economy was more diverse. There is little manufacturing that can give people stable jobs. The north trails other regions in terms of employment. The further north you move, the worse the problem of unemployment. When Ontario is compared to other regions in the county, the region as a whole fares poorly. Politically, the region feels isolated from the rest of Ontario. The problems of employment and exclusion are worse in the north and this creates disaffection. As a result, Northern Ontario Heritage Party want a separate province for the north so that the region’s problems can be better articulated without submersing them in those of the more prosperous southern region and other parts of Ontario. Northern also consider the southern ignorant of the problems that are present in the north. To make

Support the Provision of Environment and How My Work Environment Is Organised to Promote the Development of Children Essay Example for Free

Support the Provision of Environment and How My Work Environment Is Organised to Promote the Development of Children Essay Support the provision of environment and how my work environment is organised to promote the development of children The physical and emotional environment we create for children at Wattville primary school has a huge impact on their development. The environment is stimulating and attractive as children learn though their senses they need the environment to be interesting and visually attractive. There are also different types of activities and play opportunities; the layout of the classroom is well planned and organised and there is a variety of equipment which meets individual needs. Outside the classroom, along the corridor there are pegs for the children to hang up their coats, hats and scarves, these are personalised with each child’s name helping to promote children’s intellectual development as they learn to recognise their name and location of their peg. Inside the classroom, near the door there is a table with trays on it for children to put their water bottles in, this allows children to gain easy access to a source of drinking water throughout the day as they need to stay hydrated in order to concentrate and take part in activities. The book corner is situated on the left hand side as soon as you enter the classroom, away from other activities to minimise disruption to children who want to use the area. There is a desk and chairs for children who wish to sit and read there and this area is also used for one to one reading sessions. There is also a soft seating area with pillows and cuddly toys so that children can relax while enjoying their book. There are a variety of books for the children of all abilities and cultures to enjoy. The book corner helps to promote children’s language development and fine motor skills development. It also supports their social and emotional development as they sit with friends sharing stories and at times playing ‘being the teacher’ where they pretend to be the teacher reading the story to the children using facial expressions and changing the tone of their voice. At the maths area there are bright, colourful equipment set out including shape sorters and abacuses. This area supports children’s mathematical development as well as their language and fine motor skill development. The computer area consists of one computer and a printer, this develops children’s fine motor skills as they learn to move and click the mouse during different computer based activities. Children’s social and emotional skills are also encouraged as they learn to share and take turns. The writing area is set up with a variety of writing resources including; white boards, papers, pencils, felt tips etc. This area is set up to promote children’s communication, language and literacy as well as their creative development as they use their imaginations e. g. to create lists or write stories. The creative area is situated at the back of the class room where it is not carpeted so that any spillage can be cleaned up easily. There are a variety of resources which include; coloured paper/card, materials such as foam and foil, scissors, glue, paint etc. This area promotes children’s fine motor skill development and also supports their language development as they begin to ask questions and talk about things that they are creating. The sand and water play is also located at the back of the classroom on suitable flooring away from books, tables and chairs to minimise mess and ensure children’s safety. Water and sand play helps children’s fine motor skills and also supports social development as children play and interact with their friends and peers. The tables and chairs are set out in a way which allows children to move around the classroom with ease. There are a number of colourful and attractive displays containing the children’s work around the classroom. There is also a behaviour chart and reward charts displayed in the classroom, this helps children’s emotional development as they feel valued and it also encourages their confidence and self-esteem.

Essay --

El hombre, desde su surgimiento ha disfrutado de las riquezas de la naturaleza, pero en esos momentos no las afectaba en un grado considerable. En las etapas posteriores del desarrollo de la sociedad humana fue creciendo la capacidad del mismo de modificar su medio ambiente, y consecuentemente, se presentà ³ la necesidad de salvaguardar la naturaleza de los efectos nocivos de esta actividad. El impacto ambiental es el efecto que produce la actividad humana sobre el medio ambiente. El concepto puede extenderse a los efectos de un fenà ³meno natural catastrà ³fico. Tà ©cnicamente, es la alteracià ³n de la là ­nea de base ambiental. Los recursos naturales se encuentran amenazados en todos los sentidos. El agua, el suelo y el aire son recursos que està ¡n siendo afectados por acciones sin estudios previos que permitan mitigar estos impactos. La minimizacià ³n del impacto ambiental es un factor importante en los estudios de cualquier proyecto que se quiera llevar a cabo. Con esto se puede lograr que los efectos secundarios sean positivos, o menos negativos. En estos dà ­as que està ¡ tan de moda hablar de sostenibilidad y de cà ³mo las empresas grandes y pequeà ±as se vinculan con la comunidad y el ambiente, es importante repasar estos conceptos para tener claro cuà ¡les son los aspectos medulares que definen una empresa sostenible. Sostenibilidad se puede definir como el uso equilibrado y responsable de los recursos naturales de manera que se pueda dar el desarrollo econà ³mico, social y ambiental de una comunidad a muy largo plazo. Las empresas como motores de desarrollo econà ³mico tienen una responsabilidad enorme con las comunidades donde està ¡n inmersas y sus metas no solo se limitan a la creacià ³n de empleo y riqueza, sino a la proteccià ³n del medio ambiente y ... ... seà ±ala para definir si esta es una empresa sostenible, se puede notar su real compromiso ambiental y la conciencia que estos tienen para con el uso de recursos naturales; es mà ¡s que obvio, tambià ©n su desarrollo econà ³mico, pues la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a logra obtener cantidades industriales de ganancias, obteniendo asà ­ gran renombre a nivel mundial. Cabe notar su gran aporte social, primeramente para con sus empleados y la atencià ³n que se les da a estos y a sus familias que toman forma de becas, apoyos financieros, seguridad y beneficios diversos, asà ­ como a la sociedad apoyando por medio de fundaciones a las comunidades. El equipo cree que al cumplir con los requisitos antes mencionados, Chrysler cumple las expectativas de ser una empresa sostenible en todos los aspectos y no sà ³lo por cumplir, sino por el no conformarse con serlo sino buscar siempre una mejorà ­a en su desarrollo.

Public Health in Microbiological Labs in Middle East Essay

The focus of public health intervention is to improve health and quality of life through the prevention and treatment of diseases and other physical and mental health conditions, through surveillance of cases and the promotion of healthy behaviors .and because the field playing challenges and professionals to meet the complex health issues. I wish to apply for PhD in public health. Because intended to build on the current health-for-all strategy and act as a blueprint for gathering and using information for health to guide policy-makers and service providers of a future health system. Its main theme is the orientation or reshaping of health services so that improving people’s health and quality of life becomes the primary and unifying focus of the work of health care policy-makers and providers. The works in microbiological labs faced a lot of infectious disease, environmental hazards, and injury. Listeriosis, a serious infection usually caused by eating food contaminated with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, is an important public health problem around the world. The disease primarily affects older adults, pregnant women, newborns, and adults with weakened immune systems. However, rarely, persons without these risk factors can also be affected. The risk may be reduced by recommendations for safe food preparation, consumption, and storage. and because there are no vaccines against the bacteria that cause listeriosis, I want to study this case to understand how can we improve the public health in different microbiological labs (food and clinical) especially for women . Also, Health systems currently operate within an environment of rapid social, economic and technological change. Health systems are also nowadays under continuous scrutiny by planners, purchasers and users of the services. In  order to achieve the overall goals of good health, it is important to identify some of the critical health challenges facing health development. The critical health challenges are in the areas of: strengthening the organization of health services; health financing; health resources for health; and health education Food safety: poses a growing public health concern with potentially serious economic consequences. The primary work function is to use microbiology to improve the health of populations in collaboration with other public health disciplines especially with epidemiologists. We have to preparedness for responding to new infectious diseases threats requires a sustainable infrastructure of microbiological laboratories which play a central role in detection, monitoring, outbreak response, and providing scientific evidence to prevent and control infectious diseases. A range of expertise is necessary to fulfill these requirements including epidemiology and public health microbiology. microbiologists is required to provide access to experts with expertise/experience of the important communicable diseases at the regional, national and international level for mounting a rapid response to emerging health threats. Because the organizational laboratory network models and provision of expert professionals serving these functions differ widely across Middle East. (http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/1012_ Methodology of study The study will be conducted in microbiological labs (food & medical microbiology labs)inside or outside the university and the parts of research may taken in my country. The methods include library research, lab work, volunteers, survey evaluation and analysis. Search Plan & Project Timeline The objective of this activity is to acquire the skills necessary to plan, conduct and analyse an epidemiological study and to interpret and  communicate its results It is recommended that fellows participate in all stages of a study. Although this may not always be possible within two years, the fellow should attempt to contribute to as many stages as possible: †¢ Identify a problem of public health importance; †¢ Review literature; †¢ Identify and write study question and the hypothesis to be tested; †¢ Choose the study design and study population; †¢ Choose appropriate methodology; †¢ Develop a plan of analysis; †¢ Write a detailed protocol (obtain a review of the protocol from the host institute supervisor and EPIET coordinators); †¢ Seek financial support if necessary; †¢ Conduct a pilot study and, if necessary, make modifications; †¢ Constitute and brief the study team; †¢ Manage a team; †¢ Obtain ethical approval; †¢ Collect and analyse data; †¢ Interpret the results; †¢ Disseminate and communicate the information; †¢ Write a scientific report and/or a scientific article 4. Expected outcome from proposed research After completion of my research activities by getting information about the condition of microbiological labs in my country. The government could take necessary initiatives for immediate prevention and application of the public health to the buildings and staff working in this field from prevention them to get acquired for the diseases that can get from the pathogenic bacteria. After public health application we can get lab accredited. The Government organizations and different non-government organizations will also be benefited by getting such research information. The Government policy maker can be used this study finding in their regulating and planning activities. 5. Application of the Expected output The proposed research can become a role model in conducting similar research in other communities and countries espicaally if we looking for the poor middle east countries like Pakistan , Somalia, sudan ,,,,,,,,,,,etc. The outcomes of the proposed research can also be used in developing new techniques for sustainable lab management. It can also be used in improving the existing community. The research work can develop awareness among the local people about the diseases To take stapes to increase awareness among the local community. To maintain the environment healthy and clean. To fix-up correct type of treatment units and effective measures. To know the operational efficiency of various units of treatment. Review of Literature FIELDWORK – Since my research question deals partly with what attitudes and information influence individuals’ diet choices, I will use two types of labs fronts for my field research Food, microbiological labs which based on food born microorganisms and medical microbiological labs which based on in some chronic diseases of humans especially in the woman. It will allow me to learn how if there is any difference between the danger can caused to the woman especially to the pregnant woman by the isolation of food borne bacteria and clinical bacteria (i.e if there is any difference in the affect of the same strains bacteria like listeria monocytogenousus from food or from clinical ) and also understand how toward public health, can impact upon their business. INDUSTRY and ITS CRITICS I will look at a number of public resources produced related to food and clinical. Government statistics and food safety/inspection programs will be part of my interest. But I will also want to see what kind of argument is going on between food and clinical groups. How do they report information about crises and how do they describe the health and safety issues. BOOKS ON microbiological bacteria; POPULAR MEDIA I hope to get a sense of some of the general trends in microbiology bacteria toward what who they deal with the pathogenic bacteria. ACADEMIC and SPECIALIZED JOURNALS ON microbiology Ultimately I hope to get some solid information on safety and risk of various kinds of bacteria, in relation both to food-borne diseases and the clinical  borne diseas, but also to general health. At this point, I have not been able to find a general enough treatment of these issues to be of much help. References Listeria monocytogenes: the nature, public health aspects and retrospective situations of an emerging infectious pathogen in Nigerian OOC Chukwu, ID Chukwu, OA Olabode, CI Nwosuh, CI Nwosuh Animal Production Research Advances Vol. 2(2) 2006: 86-93 Public Health Agency of Canada. (2008). Listeria monocytogenes outbreak.http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/alert-alerte/listeria/listeria_2008-eng.php Roberts, A. J., & Wiedmann, M. (2003). Pathogen, host and environmental factors contributing to the pathogenesis of listeriosis. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 60(5), 904-918

Globalization Process Essay

Globalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture.[1][2] Globalization describes the interplay across cultures of macro-social forces. These forces include religion, politics, and economics. Your shirt was made in Mexico and your shoes in China. Your CD player comes from Japan. You can travel to Moscow and eat a Big Mac there and you can watch an American film in Rome. Today goods are made and sold all over the world, thanks to globalization. Globalization lets countries move closer to each other. People, companies and organizations in different countries can live and work together. We can exchange goods , money and ideas faster and cheaper than ever before. Modern communication and technology, like the Internet, cell phones or satellite TV help us in our daily lives. Globalization is growing quickly. A German company can produce cars in Argentina and then sell them in the United States. A businessman in Great Britain can buy a part of a company in Indonesia on one day and sell parts of another business in China the next, thanks to globalization. Fast food companies open shops around the world almost every day. Advantages * Globalization lets countries do what they can do best. If, for example, you buy cheap steel from another country you don’t have to make your own steel. You can focus on computers or other things. * Globalization gives you a larger market. You can sell more goods and make more money. You cancreate more jobs. * Consumers also profit from globalization. Products become cheaper and you can get new goods more quickly. Disadvantages * Globalization causes unemployment in industrialized countries because firms move their factories to places where they can get cheaper workers. * Globalization may lead to more environmental problems. A company may want to build factories in other countries because environmental laws are not as strict as they are at home. Poor countries in the Third World may have to cut down more trees so that they can sell wood to richer countries. * Globalization can lead to financial problems. In the 1970s and 80s countries like Mexico, Thailand, Indonesia or Brazil got a lot of money from investors who hoped they could build up new businesses there. These new companies often didn’t work, so they had to close down and investors pulled out their money. * Some of the poorest countries in the world, especially in Africa, may get even poorer. Their population is not as educated as in developed countries and they don’t have the new technology that we do. * Human, animal and plant diseas es can spread more quickly through globalization.

buy custom Mayan Demise essay

buy custom Mayan Demise essay There is no doubt that The Maya are widely known for initiating civilization of Mesoamerica. Research suggests three periods characterized the Mayan civilization. The periods include the Pre-Classic between 300BC and 250AD, Classic Period 250AD and 900AD, and Post Classic between 900AD (Alex, 2007). All the periods were very significant in the history of Mayan civilization. However, around 750AD, during the post Classic period, the Mayan civilization witnessed a systematic collapse or demise. Subsequently, various theories, myths and tales have been postulated in an attempt to explain how this great civilization collapsed. A theory presented in Kerr's journal points at climate changes as the catalyst towards the disappearance of the Maya civilization (Mark, 2007). The Mayan agricultural system relied on clearing the rain forest and burning of the vegetation to provide land for various agricultural practices. Their population continued to grow and with time, the fields could not be left uncultivated or fallow for long enough to regain fertility. The fields were then overworked and production stifled, therefore, there was inadequate food for the local wildlife and this led to migration and scattering (Michael, 1992). Another theory suggests war as the possible cause for the decline of the Mayan system. Jared Diamond in his book How the societies choose to fail or succeed explains that the Mayan leaders used many of their resources to warfare, while simultaneously forgetting that resources were finite (Mark, 2007). This numerous warfare could have prompted the Mayans to flee discard and abandon their agricultural methods, which were conventional. With intense war and lack of food, Mayans may have fled for survival.New diseases could also break out causing mayhem because of war with strange new people. This might have resulted to the decline of the Mayan society. I tend to support the second theory on warfare as the most probable cause of the decline of the Mayan civilization. This is because it is possible for a government to make wrong decisions in warfare using laws that mislead the people and premises of justice (Alex, 2007). Every government has individuals who neglect their responsibilities hence hurting the people or even leading to distinction. It is therefore possible that the Mayan decline was a result of poor decisions by faulty officials. Buy custom Mayan Demise essay

Research Methodology and methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Research Methodology and methods - Essay Example Since this disorder has no scientifically proven single kind of a treatment for cure, the treatment for this disorder must specially aim towards being especially adaptable for meeting the needs of each individual child with disorder (Myers, Johnson, and Council on Children with Disabilities, 2007). In the past few decades, the UK government has largely focused on the inclusive mode of education to facilitate the process of social adjustment for children with any form of disorder including autism (Broach, Chalmers, Laurance, McKay, McKenzie, and Mustapha, 2004). This has been acheived chiefly through an emphasis on creating more mainstream schools that are inclusive in nature, where students of all kind (with special needs or otherwise) are made apart of the general stream and studies and provided for accordingly (Wilkinson and Twist, 2010). This paper will deal with this topic of educational system for boys with autism in Saudi Arabia, based on guidelines framed by the UK government for the British system of education. Methodology Any research work is actually a procedure of various systemic enquiries on a certain chosen problem that ultimately leads to the conception of new knowledge on that particular subject (Graziano & Raulin, 2009, 26). Since my topic is chiefly based on the autism and relevant suitable modes of education for autistic children, it deals with the problem seen in the modern mode of education that tends to differentiate between general students and special needs children. It will thus be a ‘systematic inquiry whose objective is to provide the information that will allow†¦problems to be solved’ (Blumberg, Cooper, and Schindler, 2005, 20). Here the problem is related to the education processes used for imparting education to the children with disorders (autism), where we find that under the traditional mode of education special needs children are provided with a different form of education thus segregating them form the genera l students. This leads to later maladjustment by the children with disorders, to the normal social and workplace environment. While some countries have recently started focusing on the inclusive mode of education, there are problems arising in this new mode of education too, where the general educators cannot meet the demands of teaching general students and special needs children, under one classroom setting. In order to arrive at a workable solution for the above stated problem issues, my paper will follow the research process methodology as outlined by Graziano & Raulin, which is represented in the flow chart given below in Fig 1. Their procedure is bases on observation and rationalism, or reasoning through analysis. Here the whole systemic enquiry starts with the generation of idea (the management question), which is often initiated through personal experiences (me being an avid internet user) or other’s research work (studying books, magazines or articles on the subject of web marketing and the social media platform). Once the problem has been defined and the research questions framed, the procedure design starts. Under this section many journals, books, articles, and governmental publications, will be studied to comprehend the meaning of autism, and the types of educational modes that are suitable for imparting effective education to the special needs children. Various data will be collected and analyzed from the different governmental (UK) websites to understand the scope and nature of inclusive mode of education, and also the nature of the various problems faced by the general educa

Midterm 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Midterm 2 - Essay Example For a country to increase its species, it had to export more than its imports. Since manufactured goods were highly expensive compared to agricultural products, nation’s importing manufactured goods were richer. Mercantilism recommended Britain to import agricultural products from its colonies such as America and sell them manufactured goods. After independence, America intended to manufacture  it citizens’ expertise to limit their dependence Jefferson, however did not consent to  the decision. When answering a French diplomat, Marbois, on the state of manufacturing, commerce, and interior trade, Jefferson recommended that the county should not focus on manufacturing but rather concentrate on agricultural production. He recommends that the county Virginia should focus on agricultural production and let the British manufacture what he see as a partnership. He believed that small sufficient farmers were the best citizens and that God chose the labours in earth. This is because they were hard working, more trustworthy and more moral. Alexander Hamilton, in 1791, proposed an economic program aid for the national infant industries, through high tariffs (Hamilton 5). Economic program aid aimed at protecting American companies from foreign competition government subsidies and improvement of internal transport, which could make transport cheap for American industrial use. The intension was to clear the British manufacturing hood in America. He argues that manufacturing does not only earn revenue but also render the produce of greater importance. Unlike Jefferson, he was determined to make the nation self-dependent by fully producing products that its citizen may depend. Finally, he gives it an economical view that the country can export its products to earn it more income, unlike Jefferson’s partnership view Both the declaration and common sense enlightened Americans to advocate their rights to equality and freedom from

The Impact of Economics on My Life as a Business Article

The Impact of Economics on My Life as a Business - Article Example In order for business people to become successful in today’s global business, each businessman should be knowledgeable in study of microeconomics and macroeconomics. For the purpose of this study, the importance of the basic principles of microeconomics such as the supply and demand of labor and products2 and how individuals, households, and firms make decisions with regards to allocating their limited resources in markets where the trading of goods and services occurs3; and the macroeconomics which focuses particularly on the external factors that could affect the variables such as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unemployment rate, inflation rate, and exchange rate4 will discussed in order to enable the businessmen to understand and apply the useful economic theories in their future business decision making. Businessmen should be aware that there is a significant correlation between the increase in demand for goods and services as well as with the demand for labor. In case the economy of a country is booming, the domestic demand for finished products increases. The increase in the demand for products contributes to the increase in demand for human resources (workforce). Basically, this allows the talented men and women to have the demand for a higher salary or have an option to take double jobs and longer working hours. (See Figure I – A Good Economy below) On the other hand, in case the country is experiencing economic downturn or recession such as the Asian crisis in 1997 or a tragic event such as the September 11 terrorist attack in the United States, the demand  for human resources decreases since a lot of local businesses were directly affected and eventually had to declare bankruptcy or impose a mass lay-offs in order for them to be able to sustain the business financially.  

The stock exchange market in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The stock exchange market in the UK - Essay Example This observance is furthered by the fact that the stock market in UK is weak-form efficient, while some capital market studies have called the stock exchange more towards being semi-strong-form efficient. Smith (2004) by studying the grain futures market pointed towards semi-strong form efficiency of the stock exchange because of the release of large trader position information. Further studies have compared the share prices after the takeover announcement with the bid offer. It was found that the share prices immediately adjusted to the correct levels.   Hence the study concluded that the stock market in the United Kingdom was semi-strong-form efficient.It must however be remembered that the market's ability to efficiently respond to an event like a takeover announcement which is widely publicized and short term in nature does not reflect on the market’s efficiency as is related to long term factors. David Dreman has pointed out that an instantaneous response is not always an efficient one and that the long-term performance of the stock market also needs to be considered before labeling a market efficient.The efficient-market hypothesis (EMH) states that the financial markets are "information efficient". As a result of this efficiency based on information, it is impossible to achieve constant returns that are greater than the average market returns, given the information that is available at the time of the investment.The advent of industrial revolution brought about the growth of a growing affluent merchant class.

Evolution of Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW)

Evolution of Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW)  ­Ã‚ ­EVOLUTION OF SUBSTRATE INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDE STRUCTURES: AN OVERVIEW , and Abstract — Substrate integrated waveguide(SIW) is the most captivating technology for easy integration onto planar substrates for millimeter wave components and systems for the next decade. This guide is synthesized on the substrate with arrays of metallic posts retaining the low loss advantage of conventional rectangular waveguides. In this paper, various evolving structures of SIW which had been implemented for various practical applications like filters, couplers, antennas etc are reviewed and some ongoing projects based on this technology are also presented. Index Terms —  Filters, couplers, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) INTRODUCTION Metallic waveguides are preferred over traditional transmission lines like coaxial cables wherein high losses are accounted, namely, copper losses and dielectric losses [1]. Metallic waveguides inherit the advantage of high power handling capability and high Q-factor [2]. In spite of its aforementioned advantages, it is not yet a very promising technology because of its bulky and non planar nature [3]. Slot like planar printed transmission lines are next to metallic waveguides used in microwave integrated circuits (MICs). These were planar in nature but not suitable at smaller frequencies due to its transmission losses [4].      To bridge the gap, SIW is introduced, a very promising waveguide structure which maintains the advantages of a rectangular waveguide, such as high Q-factor and high power handling capability in planar form [5-7]. Basically in SIW, two parallel metallic layers of substrate are connected via metallic posts introducing structure similar to common metallic waveguides. Generically, the substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) are known as substrate integrated circuits (SICs) [8]. SIW is the most popular topology among others family members of SICs because the design techniques of rectangular waveguide can be applied directly to this topology. The SIW technology has been implemented with millimeter and microwave components as it is suitable for high frequency range because of its accounted leakage losses at low frequency. They can be directly connected to planar circuits, namely, micro strip line and coplanar waveguides (CPW), allowing for easy integration of active circuits thus making it su itable for mass production . In this paper, evolutions of SIW structures are studied and different application of SIW technology are presented, and some ongoing projects are discussed later. EVOLUTION OF SIW STRUCTURE At millimeter wave frequency, electromagnetic coupling between building blocks of antenna makes designing a very critical issue. To provide great deal of flexibility for designing of components, concept of SICs is introduced. SIW, which are synthesized on planar substrate in which metallic posts are perforated in the embedded substrate using printed circuit board technology shown in fig.1. [9] Fig.1. Substrate Integrated Waveguide The steady and constant rise of wireless user has fuelled an increase in wireless applications. For the fulfillment of increasing day to day needs of communication, various evolving structures of SIW are proposed. Substrate integrated slab waveguide (SISW), a new variant in the SIW toolkit is hereby introduced [10]. The structure offers an increase in bandwidth by adding air holes into an SIW mainly for wideband microwave applications. Compared to rectangular waveguides, a size reduction of is achieved with SIW. Unfortunately, SIW are still large (compared to their micro strip counterparts) for various practical applications and hence substrate integrated folded waveguide (SIFW) is proposed [11]. In SIFW size reduction of (9) is achieved by using dual layer substrate but its losses are increased. Also there are half mode substrate integrated waveguides (HMSIW) [12] which increases the bandwidth and can also have a reduced size while maintaining the advantages of SIW. Recently after HMSIW, folded half wave substrate integrated waveguide (FHMSIW) is proposed but there are complexity issues which needs to be solved [13].For effective utilization of waveguide channel, hybrid SIW is proposed in which waveguide channel usage is maximized by routing a strip line inside the substrate [14]. Novel class of bandwidth enhancing structures are proposed, namely ridged substrate integrated waveguide (RSIW) [15] shown in Fig.3 and ridged substrate integrated slab waveguide (RSISW) [16].In former structure, side walls of top and bottom metal layers are connected by full height metallic posts and central row of partial heighted metallic posts are connected at their bottom by a metal strip. The latter structure is having the similar geometry of RSIW but additional air holes are included to further increase the bandwidth. Also there are unpopular structures like honeycomb substrate integrated waveguide (HCSIW) and folded corrugated substrate integrated waveguide (FCSIW). HCSIW cr eates partially low dielectric region by drilling air filled posts vertically [17] and FCSIW is used for back lobe suppression [18]. For two different modes of propagation, switchable substrate integrated waveguide (SSIW) (via the biasing of pin diode switch) is introduced [19]. Another variant of HMSIW is rotated HMSIW, to improve the manufacturing tolerances by enabling direct interaction with wave energy at central point which is not feasible for the structures discussed earlier[20]. Recently, Butterfly substrate integrated waveguide; another variant has been added to the SIW toolkit for better gain and low side lobe levels. [21]. Latest variant added to the SIW toolkit is empty SIW (ESIW). This structure eliminates the disadvantages of dielectric substrate by replacing it by novel empty substrate (air filled) while maintaining the advantage of complete integration in planar substrate [22]. Outlines of important configurations of SIW are shown in fig.2. [11], fig.3.[15] and fig.4 [21]. Fig.2. SIW Main Variants Fig.3.RSIW Structure Fig.4.Butterfly substrate integrated waveguide FUTURE TRENDS IN SIW SIW, a very promising technology has been implemented for many practical applications like SIW based shifters, oscillators, resonators, filters, power dividers, diplexers, mixer, antennas and many more [23-30]. Currently there were many ongoing projects in progress based on SIW technology. A very few have been mentioned here in this paper. Efficient synthesis and design of reconfigurable micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) based band pass filter (BPF) in SIW technology [31] is one of the ongoing projects. This project is focused on the development of novel microwave and millimeter wave fully reconfigurable BPF on SIW so that advantages of miniaturization, easy integration onto planar substrates, low losses, high power handling can be achieved. This project tries to combine the advantages of novel comb line SIW resonators with the enhanced characteristics of MEMS varactors to tune the response of coupled resonator filters. These filters are key components of emerging RF front ends for future telecommunication systems. SOSRAD-77GHz SIW system on substrates (SOS) radar front end is the other ongoing project based on SIW [32]. The aim of the project is to establish SIW technology as the leading high performance platform to encompass all available technologies within a common substrate at mm-wave frequencies. Some of the completed projects on SIW technology are stated; integrated focusing systems in SIW technology: full wave modeling and optimization [33] and Design and development of SIW based RF circuits and components using metamaterials in ku-band application [34]. REFERENCES [1] Dominic Deslandes, â€Å"Design considerations for tapered micro strip to substrate integrated waveguide transitions,† IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 46, no.5, pp.625-630, May 1998. [2] N. Ranjkesh and M. Shahabadi, †LOSS MECHANISMS IN SIW AND MSIW,† Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 4, 299–309, 2008. [3] Li Yan, Wei Hong Guang Hua, Jixin Chen, Ke Wu and Tie Jun Cui, â€Å"Simulation and Experiments on SIW Slot array antennas,† IEEE Microwave and wireless components letters, vol. 14, no. 9, September 2004. [4]  Futoshi Kuroki and Ryo-ji Tamarulow, â€Å"Low-loss and Low-cost solution for printed Transmission Lines at Millimeter-wavelengths by using Bilaterally Metal-loaded Tri-plate,† Microwave Symposium Digest, 2009. MTT’09, IEEE MTT-S International. [5]  Dominic Deslandes and Ke Wu, â€Å"Integrated Micro strip and rectangular waveguide in planar form,† IEEE Microwave and wireless components letters, vol. 11, no. 2, February 2001. [6]  Uchimura, H.; Takenoshita, T.; Fujii , M., â€Å"Development of the laminated waveguide,† Microwave Symposium Digest, 1998 IEEE MTT-S International, vol. 3. [7]  a, J.; Ando, M, â€Å"Single layer waveguide consisting of posts for plane TEM wave excitation in parallel plates,† IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 46, no.5, may 1998. [8] a Wu, Dominic Deslandes and Yves Cassivia, â€Å"The Substrate Integrated Circuits-A new concept for high-frequency electronics and optoelectronics,† 6th international conference on Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, cable and Broadcasting Service, 2003, vol. 1. [9] M. Bozzi, L. Perregrini, K. Wu, and P. Arcioni, â€Å"Current and future research trends in substrate integrated waveguide technology,†Radioengineering, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 201–209, 2009. [10] Deslandes, D.; Bozzi, M.; Arcioni, P.; Kea Wu, â€Å"Substrate integrated slab waveguide (SISW) for wideband microwave applications,† Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003IEEE MTT-S International, vol. 2, pp. 1103-1106. [11] Nikolaos Grigoropoulos, Benito Sanz-Izquierdo and Paul R. Young. â€Å"Substrate Integrated Folded Waveguides (SIFW) and Filters,† IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components letters, vol.15, no. 12, December 2005. [12] W. Hong, B Liu, Y. Wang; Q. Lai, H. Tang, X. X. Yin. D. Dong, Y. Zhang, and K. Wu, â€Å"Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide: A new guided wave structure for microwave and millimeter wave applications,† in Proc. Joint 31st Int. conf. Infr. Millim. Waves, Sept. 18-22, 2006, pp. 219-219. [13] W. Wang, Yuan Jiang, W. J. Zou, R. J. Luo, X. Q. Lin, â€Å"A varactor-loaded tunable phase shifter based on folded half mode substrate integrated waveguides,† in Proc. International Symposium on Antenna, Propagation EM Theory(ISAPE)Oct. 22-26,2012 pp. 558-561. [14]  Suntives, A.;Abhari, R, Experimentalevaluationof ahybridsubstrate integrated waveguide, Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2008. AP-S 2008. IEEE, pp.1-4. [15]  Cuixia Li,;Wenquan Che;Russer, P.,Propogation and Band Broadening Effect of Planar Ridged Substrate-integrated Waveguide(RSIW), Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, 2008. ICMMT 2008.InternationalConference,vol. 2,pp.467-470. [16] M. Bozzi, S. A. Winkler, and K. Wu, â€Å"Broadband and compact ridge substrate integrated waveguides,† IET Microw. Antennas Propag., vol.4, no. 11, pp. 1965–1973, 2010. [17] H. Ikeuchi, I. Ohta, M. Kishihara, and T. Kawai, â€Å"Honeycomb substrate integrated waveguide (HCSIW) and its application to design of SIW right-angle corner,† Proc. 42nd European Microwave Conf., pp. 112-115, Oct. 2012. [18] Daekeun Cho; Hai-young Lee,Folded Corrugated SIW(FCSIW) Slot Antenna for Backlobe Suppression, Antennas and wireless propagation Letters,IEEE, vol.2,2013. [19] R. F. Xu; B. S. Izquierdo; and P. R. Young, â€Å"Switchable substrate integrated waveguide,† IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 21,no.4, pp. 194–196, Apr. 2011. [20] Farrall, A..J. ; Young, P.R,Rotated Half-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide, Antennas and Propagation Conference(LPAC),2013, pp.514-517. [21] Mohtashami, Y. ; Rashed-Mohassel, J,A Butterfly Substrate Integrated Waveguide Leaky-Wave Antenna,IEEE Transactions on Antenna and Propagation, 2014, vol. 62, pp.3384-3388. [22] A. Belenguer, H. Esteban, V.E. Boria,Novel Empty Substrate Integrated Waveguide for High-Performance Microwave Integrated Circuits,IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, April 2014, vol. 62, pp. 832-839. [23] W. Che, E. Yung, and K. Wu, â€Å"Millimeter-wave ferrite phase shifter in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW),† in IEEE Int. AP-S Symp. Dig.,Jun. 2003, pp. 887–890. [24] Y. Cassivi and K. Wu, â€Å"Low cost microwave oscillator using substrate integrated waveguide,† IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 13,no. 2, pp. 48–50, Feb. 2003. [25] Y. Cassivi, L. Perregrini, K. Wu, and G. Conciauro, â€Å"Low-cost and high-Q millimeter-wave resonator using substrate integrated waveguide technique,† in Proc. Eur. Microw. Conf., Milan, Italy, Sep. 2002, pp. 1–4. [26] D. Deslandes and K. Wu, â€Å"Millimeter-wave substrate integrated waveguide filters,† in Proc. IEEE Elect. Comput. Eng. Conf., May 2003, vol. 3, pp. 1917–1920. [27] S. Germain, D. Deslandes, and K. Wu, â€Å"Development of substrate integrated waveguide power dividers,† in Proc. IEEE Can. Conf. Elect.  Comput. Eng., May 2003, vol. 3, pp. 1921–1924. [28] Z. Hao, W. Hong, J. Chen, X. Chen, and K. Wu, â€Å"Planar diplexer for microwave integrated circuits,† Proc. IEEE Microw. Antennas Propagat. Conf., vol. 152, no. 6, pp. 455–459, Dec. 2005 [29] J. Xu and K. Wu A sub harmonic self-oscillating mixer using substrate integrated waveguide cavity for millimeter-wave application,IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., pp.2019 -1022 2005. [30] W. Hong, â€Å"Development of microwave antennas, components and subsystems based on SIW technology,† in Proc. IEEE Microw., Antenna, Propag. and Electromagn. Conf., Beijing, China, Aug. 8–12, 2005, pp.P-14–P-17 [31] Efficient synthesis and designs of reconfigurable microelectromechanical systems based band pass filter in substrate integrated waveguide technology , cordis .europa . eu / project / rcn / 704581_en.html. [32] SOSRAD-77 GHz substrate integrated waveguide(SIW) system on substrate (SOS) radar front-end, http://www.cttc.es/project/77-ghz-substrate-integrated-waveguide-siw system on substrate-sos-radar-front-end/. [33] Integrated focusing systems in substrate integrated waveguide technology: full wave modeling and optimization, http://www.esf-newfocus.org/achievements_projects.html. [34] Design and development of SIW based RF circuits and components using metamaterials in ku-band application, www.becs.ac.in/project-etc-submenu.

Gender and Information Technologies Essay -- Feminist theories of tech

Technology is socially and culturally constructed as a male practice carried out in male institutions (Hellman, 1996). The dominant value system of underlying technological creative processes and decision making, is considered to be fundamentally masculine. This is because during the late 19th century mechanical and civil engineering increasingly came to define what -technology is, crucially it involved the creation of a male professional identity, based on educational qualifications and the promise of managerial positions, sharply distinguished from shop floor engineering and blue-collar workers (Wajcman, 2010). Take engineering for example: an archetypal masculine culture, where mastery over technology is a source of both pleasure and power for the predominantly male profession. These images resonate with MIT computer hacker students. Though they would deny their culture is macho, the preoccupation with winning and subjection to increasingly violent tests make their world male in s pirit and unfriendly to women. However that is not to say all women reject ‘geek culture’, nor that computer science is universally coded as masculine (Wajcman, 2010). In Malaysia women are well represented in computer science. Still Women in ICT sectors stand one to five in information technology electronic communication professions and managerial positions (Wajcman, 2010). Thus this brings me to my hypothesis that Information and communication technologies breed a culture of misogyny. Within this research it is shown that women are largely excluded from the technical design processes that shape the world we live in. In Ecofeminism (1993) authors Vandana Shiva, Maria Mies Critique and Evan Bond, they view the dominant stream of modern science as a ... ...the global economy. Information Technology for Development 14 (4): 262-279. DOI.org/10.1002/itdj.20098 Gurumurthy, A. (2011). Feminist Visions of the Network Society. Development 54 (4), 464-469. doi: 10.1057/dev.2011.82 Hellman, H. (1996). A Toy for the Boys only? Reconsidering the Gender Effects of Video Technology. European Journal of Communication 11(1): 5-32. Lee, M. (2006). What's Missing in Feminist Research in New Information and Communication Technologies? Feminist Media Studies, 6 (2): 191-210. doi: 10.1080/14680770600645168 Wacjman, J. (2010). Feminist theories of technology. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 34, 143-152. doi:10.1093/cje/ben057 Wyatt, S. (2008). Feminism, Technology and the Information Society: learning from the past, imagining the future. Information, Communication & Society, 11 (1): 111-130. doi: 10.1080/13691180701859065

Syllabus for African Dance

Syllabus for African Dance MPADE-UE 1542. 002 Spring 2013 Contact hours: Wednesday, 1:30-3:30pm, studio 304 Education building Department of Music and Performing Arts Professions, Program in Dance Education New York University Instructor: Alfdaniels Mabingo Phone: 917-679-8119 E-mail: Consultation: By appointment —————————————– A survey course in East African dance with accompanying songs, music, and cultural contexts in which these dances originate. The course specifically offers knowledge and performance skills of traditional dance forms East Africa and methods for teaching these dances.It offers critical analysis of how these dances interact with cultural, social, occupational, and religious aspects that contribute to creating them. Besides critical understanding and performance of these dances, the course equips students with skills to perform the music that accompanies them. Learni ng outcomes 1. Students will demonstrate proficiency in performing ethnic dances from selected cultures in East Africa. 2. Students will learn and perform vocal and instrumental music that accompanies ethnic dances from cultures in Uganda. 3.Students will demonstrate techniques and methods of teaching ethnic dances from Ugandan cultures. 4. Students will acquire fundamental knowledge into critical analysis of how dances in East Africa interact with cultural aspects that participate in creating them. 5. Students will learn various techniques that are related to performance of various ethnic dances from cultures in Uganda. Students are expected to: a. Finish and present the assignments within the stipulated time. b. Actively participate in practical sessions and class discussion. Focus of selected readings and visual recordings ) Understanding the author’s message and use it as a point of departure for supplementary inquiries b) Establishing connections between the readings and visual recordings and the student’s class/practical experience c) Inspire students to learn the various dances Other important readings Adinku, W. O. (1995). African Dance Education in Ghana, Ghana, Accra: Universities Press. Aduonum, M. (2011). West African Dance in the United States University Curriculum, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing Nannyonga-Tamusuza, S. (2005. Baakisimba: Gender in Music and Dance of the Baganda People of Uganda.London and New York: Routledge. Tieron, A. (1992). Doople: Eternal Law of African Dance – Choreography & Dance Studies, New York: Routledge * * Welsh, A. K. (1996). African Dance: An Artistic, Historical and Philosophical Inquiry, Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press. Welsh, A. K. (2003). Umfundalai: An African Dance Technique, Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press Policies: * Assignment Formats: All assignments must be typewritten with at least a normal 12 pt font and double-spaced. Use a header and page numbers. Please hand in hard copies of as signments without folders.Do not email them; Emailed copies will not be accepted. * Attendance: You are expected to attend every session of the course. One excused absence is permitted with a doctor’s note or other acceptable evidence. If you are going to be absent please send an email to the instructor. Additional absences will decrease the cumulative grade by one letter grade increment. An unexcused absence will decrease the cumulative grade by one letter grade increment. Please make arrangements with a peer to collect course materials for you and contact the peer after the session for updates on the session activities and assignments. Late arrivals/Early departures: Being on time and staying throughout the duration of the course is to be expected. Three late arrivals, three early departures, or any three combinations of late arrivals and/or early departures to/from class will equate to an absence. A late arrival or early departure of more than 15 minutes will be counted as an absence. * Late Assignments: Late assignments are reduced in letter grade increment. Assignments may be handed in up to one week late. Late assignments may not receive significant feedback.Any assignments that are not complete at this time (one week late) will not receive a grade and will negatively affect your cumulative course grade. * Assignments Class attendance and participation20% Midterm paper25% Midterm performance25% Final performance30% Note: See the rubric for details about the requirements for each area of assignment * Grading: Letter Grade| Number Grade| Legend| A| 94-100| Exceptional| A-| 90-93| Excellent| B+| 87-89| Extremely Good| B| 84-86| Very Good| B-| 80-83| Good| C+| 77-79| Satisfactory| C| 74-76| Satisfactory| C-| 70-73| Nearing Satisfactory| D+| 67-69| Minimum Passing Grade|D| 65-66| Minimum Passing Grade| F| 0-64| Failure| * Incomplete Grading: Incomplete grades are not a grading option. Under exceptional circumstances, such as those with a serious illnes s or other emergency, and at the discretion of the course instructor, an incomplete grade may be granted, based on the student's performance throughout the course of the semester. * E-mail Communication with Instructor(s): Please keep your e-mails as succinct as possible. If you predict you will need to write more than one paragraph, it is an indication that you probably need to schedule a meeting rather than writing an e-mail. Special Accommodations: Any student attending NYU who needs an accommodation due to a chronic, psychological, visual, mobility and/or learning disability, or is Deaf or Hard of Hearing should register with the Moses Center for Students with Disabilities located at 726 Broadway, phone: 212. 998. 4980, or website address: www. nyu. edu/csd. * Please refrain from all cell phone use during class. * Please clean up after any food or drink. * Dress appropriately for the classes * Academic Integrity: Please be familiar with NYU Steinhardt policies: http://steinhardt . nyu. edu/policies/academic_integrity.

Original Writing- Jonas Brothers

Although many people don't realise it, music plays a big part in everyday life. If its auditioning for the X-Factor, going to gigs every week, singing hymns at mass, singing to your favourite tunes in the shower or just listening to the radio on the way to work, we all like our music. It gets us though the days and has a big influence on what we do. Music separates the people with the many different genres it offers and some very talented people are behind it all. Considering this I would like to tell you about one of my favourite bands; the Jonas Brothers. Jonas Brothers are a VMA-nominated American boy band. The band consists of three brothers; Kevin, Joe and Nick. They come all the way from Wyckoff, New Jersey and have released three albums; It's About Time (2006), Jonas Brothers (2007) and recently, A Little Bit Longer (2008), and one soundtrack; Camp Rock (2008). The band gained their popularity on the children's television network; Disney Channel, which is where the Disney Channel Original Movie Camp Rock , starring the Jonas Brothers, was first shown. The band star in the movie as a boy band named Connect Three. One of my reasons for liking the Jonas Brothers, is the fact that they are well-known for their wholesome, family image. The brothers are all committed Evangelic Christians, and wear purity rings on their left-hand ring finger as a sign to not have pre-marital sex, of which neither of these things they are ashamed of or afraid of showing. Joe stated that the rings symbolize â€Å"a promise to ourselves and to God that we'll stay pure 'till marriage† and Nick thinks that â€Å"its pretty awesome, and the rings are just one of our ways of kind of like being different to everybody else out there†. They also abstain form alcohol, tobacco and drugs. Another reason for liking the Jonas Brothers is the fact that in 2007 they earned about $12 million dollars and donated 10% of it to their charity, Change for the Children Foundation. The charity is a foundation started by the Jonas Brothers, where the contributors donate to charities such as, Nothing but Nets, American Diabetes Foundation, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Summer Stars: Camp for the Performing Arts. Their reasons for stating the charity is to â€Å"support programs that motivate and inspire children to face adversity with confidence, determination and a will to succeed†¦ kids helping other kids who are a little less fortunate.† Paul Kevin Jonas II, also known as Kevin, is the oldest of the brothers aged 21 and born November 5th 1987. He plays lead guitar (usually a Gibson Les Paul) and backing vocals. Kevin is also a songwriter and helped to write the bands self-titled album Jonas Brothers. Joseph Adam Jonas, was born August 15 1989, making him 19. He sings lead vocals, plays percussion and has played the guitar in the song A Little Bit Longer. Joe originally had no intentions of becoming a singer; he wanted to be a comedian and work on the show All That Nicholas Jerry Jonas, is the youngest of the band at only 16 years of age, born September 16 1992. He plays rhythm guitar (usually a Gibson SG in the original re stain colour), lead vocals with brother Joe, piano in the songs When you Look me in the Eyes and A Little Bit Longer, and drums in the songs, Australia, Can't Have You, Sorry and Video Girl. He can play various other instruments also. On November 16 2005 (aged 13), he was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Franklin Nathaniel Jonas, is the baby of all the brothers, of only 8 years of age and was born September 28 2000, and isn't in the Jonas Brothers, but being the bands younger brother he still plays a big part in their lives. He is also known as the Bonus Jonas and Frank the Tank. He will debut with his brothers on J.O.N.A.S!(a Disney Channel Original Series (2009)), and may have a small appearance in Camp Rock 2. Other members of the band are: John Taylor who helps produce for the band, as well as plays guitar. Greg Garbowsky has been with the brothers since they started out. He plays bass guitar and keeps a blog of Life on the Road with the Boys. Jack â€Å"Flawless Lawless† Lawless joined the band in early 2007, and has replaced former drummer Alex Noyes. Ryan Liestman plays the keyboards for the group. The single, A Little Bit Longer, released earlier this year, was written by Nick Jonas himself and is about his fighting battle to carry on pursuing his dreams with his diabetes. He sings alone in this song, about how â€Å"you don't know what it feels like until its gone†. This song is very emotional and on occasions, Nick has been seen to be crying on stage to this particular song. He's said â€Å"Luckily, I've got some really great people around me that really help me manage my diabetes. And it hasn't slowed me down yet, and I'm not planning on letting it do that. So I'm going to continue to do what I love and if I have occasional low or high blood sugar, it will be all right because I've got some really great people surrounding me.† With the Jonas Brothers being so talented and successful at such a young age, I find them so inspiring to listen to and am proud to be a fan of theirs. You could be in any situation, but you're holding on because you don't want to give up on love. Say you're in a terrible situation†¦you can always find the light if you look hard enough.

What Everyone Should Know About World War I

What Everyone Should Know About World War I World War I was an extremely bloody war that engulfed Europe from 1914 to 1919, with huge losses of life and little ground lost or won. Fought mostly by soldiers in trenches, World War I saw an estimated 10 million military deaths and another 20 million wounded. While many hoped that World War I would be the war to end all wars, in actuality, the concluding peace treaty set the stage for World War II. Dates: 1914-1919 Also Known As: The Great War, WWI, the First World War The Start of World War I The spark that started World War I was the assassination of Austrias Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie. The assassination occurred on June 28, 1914, while Ferdinand was visiting the city of Sarajevo in the Austro-Hungarian province of Bosnia-Herzegovina. Although Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the nephew of Austrias emperor and heir-apparent to the throne, was not very well liked by most, his assassination by a Serb nationalist was viewed as a great excuse to attack Austria-Hungarys troublesome neighbor, Serbia. However, instead of reacting quickly to the incident, Austria-Hungary made sure they had the backing of Germany, with whom they had a treaty before they proceeded. This gave Serbia time to get the backing of Russia, with whom they had a treaty. The calls for back-up didnt end there. Russia also had a treaty with France and Britain. This meant that by the time Austria-Hungary officially declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914, an entire month after the assassination, much of Europe had already become entangled in the dispute. At the start of the war, these were the major players (more countries joined the war later): Allied Forces (a.k.a. the Allies): France, the United Kingdom, RussiaCentral Powers: Germany and Austria-Hungary Schlieffen Plan vs. Plan XVII Germany didnt want to fight both Russia in the east and France to the west, so they enacted their long-standing Schlieffen Plan. The Schlieffen Plan was created by Alfred Graf von Schlieffen, who was the chief of the German general staff from 1891 to 1905. Schlieffen believed that it would take about six weeks for Russia to mobilize their troops and supplies. So, if Germany placed a nominal number of soldiers in the east, the majority of Germanys soldiers and supplies could be used for a quick attack in the west. Since Germany was facing this exact scenario of a two-front war at the beginning of World War I, Germany decided to enact the Schlieffen Plan. While Russia continued to mobilize, Germany decided to attack France by going through neutral Belgium. Since Britain had a treaty with Belgium, the attack on Belgium officially brought Britain into the war. While Germany was enacting its Schlieffen Plan, the French enacted their own prepared plan, called Plan XVII. This plan was created in 1913 and called for quick mobilization in response to a German attack through Belgium. As German troops moved south into France, French and British troops tried to stop them. At the end of the First Battle of the Marne, fought just north of Paris in September 1914, a stalemate was reached. The Germans, who had lost the battle, had made a hasty retreat and then dug in. The French, who couldnt dislodge the Germans, also dug in. Since neither side could force the other to move, each sides trenches became increasingly elaborate. For the next four years, the troops would fight from these trenches. A War of Attrition From 1914 to 1917, soldiers on each side of the line fought from their trenches. They fired artillery onto the enemys position and lobbed grenades. However, each time military leaders ordered a full-fledged attack, the soldiers were forced to leave the safety of their trenches. The only way to overtake the other sides trench was for the soldiers to cross No Mans Land, the area between the trenches, on foot. Out in the open, thousands of soldiers raced across this barren land in the hopes of reaching the other side. Often, most were hewn down by machine-gun fire and artillery before they even got close. Because of the nature of trench warfare, millions of young men were slaughtered in the battles of World War I. The war quickly became one of attrition, which meant that with so many soldiers being killed daily, eventually, the side with the most men would win the war. By 1917, the Allies were starting to run low on young men. The U.S. Enters the War and Russia Gets Out The Allies needed help and they were hoping that the United States, with its vast resources of men and materials, would join on their side. However, for years, the U.S. had clung to their idea of isolationism (staying out of other countries problems). Plus, the U.S. just didnt want to be involved in a war that seemed so far away and that didnt seem to affect them in any great way. However, there were two major events that changed American public opinion about the war. The first occurred in 1915 when a German U-boat (submarine) sunk the British ocean liner RMS Lusitania. Considered by Americans to be a neutral ship that carried mostly passengers, Americans were furious when the Germans sank it, especially since 159 of the passengers were Americans. The second was the Zimmermann Telegram. In early 1917, Germany sent Mexico a coded message promising portions of U.S. land in return for Mexico joining World War I against the United States. The message was intercepted by Britain, translated, and shown to the United States. This brought the war to U.S. soil, giving the U.S. a real reason to enter the war on the side of the Allies. On April 6, 1917, the United States officially declared war on Germany. The Russians Opt Out As the United States was entering World War I, Russia was getting ready to get out. In 1917, Russia became swept up in an internal revolution that removed the czar from power. The new communist government, wanting to focus on internal troubles, sought a way to remove Russia from World War I. Negotiating separately from the rest of the Allies, Russia signed the Brest-Litovsk peace treaty with Germany on March 3, 1918. With the war in the east ended, Germany was able to divert those troops to the west in order to face the new American soldiers. Armistice and the Versailles Treaty The fighting in the west continued for another year. Millions more soldiers died, while little land was gained. However, the freshness of the American troops made a huge difference. While the European troops were tired from years of war, the Americans remained enthusiastic. Soon the Germans were retreating and the Allies were advancing. The end of the war was near. At the end of 1918, an armistice was finally agreed upon. The fighting was to end on the 11th hour of 11th day of the 11th month (i.e. 11 am on Nov. 11, 1918). For the next several months, diplomats argued and compromised together in order to come up with the Versailles Treaty. The Versailles Treaty was the peace treaty that ended World War I; however, a number of its terms were so controversial that it also set the stage for World War II. The carnage left behind by the end of World War I was staggering. By the end of the war, an estimated 10 million soldiers were killed. That averages to about 6,500 deaths a day, every day. Plus, millions of civilians were also killed. World War I is especially remembered for its slaughter for it was one of the bloodiest wars in history.