Short History by Johnathan Riley-Smith free essay sample

The Crusades: A Short History by Johnathan Riley-Smith The Crusades: A Short History, written by British Historian Jonathan Riley-Smith, offers a broad overview of this part of the medieval era, but he also explores how historians have attempted to explain these events in modern terms. Riley-Smith also makes sure to note all major contributors to the Crusade movement and their personalities. Numerous scholars have wondered whether this was a political or religious mission. This helps to spark the question of why people would leave their homes and their families to risk their lives invading a land that was thousands of miles away for religious reasons. In his book, Riley-Smith makes this era come alive for the modern reader. He does a very good job of leaving it up to the reader to decide and interpret the material how they wish. He seems to have no bias. Johnathan Riley-Smith begins with the birth of the crusading movement and the ideas that led to the actual crusades. We will write a custom essay sample on Short History by Johnathan Riley-Smith or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The background information about the beliefs of these societies and foundations of their pasts help the reader to understand why they believed the way that they did. He proceeds chronologically through ten chapters to the Old Age and Death of the Crusading Movement, which occurred between 1523 and 1798. Riley-Smith shows how the violence of the Crusades was justified according to the beliefs of that era. The people of that era compared this military action in terms of the intentions involved. Almost, in a manner comparable to that of a surgeon who causes pain to a patient in order to save a life. But, also, he shows how the crusaders understood the topic of authority and politics. This involved viewing the Holy Land as an earthly extension to Christs universal empire, which meant that, to them, the Holy Land was Christs royal domain or patrimony. Many scholars now tend to interpret the Crusades with modern ideology, concentrating on factors that relate to establishment, economics, politics, colonization, etc. Riley-Smith explains the viewpoint of the massive majority of crusaders, showing that it was religious fervor and absolute devotion to the Roman Catholic Church, which was largely connected and entangled with their past history and then became their bias that provided the motivation that caused the Crusades. Therefore, he shows how the conflicting nature of the Crusades came about. For example, invading and killing a lands people in the name of Jesus Christ, the Prin ce of Peace. The first chapter offers necessary background information to understanding the roots of the crusade movement. Riley-Smith sets the stage for the account of the First Crusade, which is the topic for the second chapter, beginning with the call of Pope Urban II to retake Jerusalem along with a bit of political backing. The third chapter describes the office of the patriarch that existed in both Jerusalem and Antioch. Chapter four discusses the settlement, control and defense of the Latin East that existed between 1097 and 1187. Chapter five talks about the early crusades of the twelfth century and the Second Crusade. Chapter six contains the Third, Fourth and Fifth Crusades, which occurred between 1187 and 1229. Chapter seven covers the years 1229 through roughly 1291. Chapter eight describes the Latin East briefly, and chapter nine also offers an overview, which discusses the diversity of the crusades that occurred between 1291 and 1523. The book ends with chapter ten, which discusses the crusading movement in its old age, which includes the topics of the Reformation, the military orders, and the Hospitallers of St. John and Malta. The Conclusion describes how the Crusades have been understood in different historical eras. In addition to these topics, Riley-Smith also offers descriptions of the several other Christian military operations, which were instigated against the pagan peoples who lived in northern Europe, as well as against the â€Å"heretics† living in the south of France and the Muslims living in Spain. I actually enjoyed this depiction of the Crusades. Even though I first had to make sure that I had a dictionary handy when I read it, I thought that Riley-Smith made it very easy to understand. He sentences flowed very well and I liked the fact that he left everything chronologically in order and didn’t go back and forth multiple times. The chapters were well titled for any reader to understand what was in the material. I also enjoyed the fact that they weren’t incredibly long and repetitive. I think that this book taught me way more about the Crusades than I ever knew before. I had no idea that it was all mainly started for religious reasons. The pasts of one group of people who had never even been to Jerusalem or even seen it, helped to build the foundation of the entire movement. It just is astonishing to me that all of those years of fighting was being justified by Jesus Christ. I don’t think that fighting for something you believe in is wrong, I just didn’t really know how the Crusades were started. I thought that Johnathan Riley-Smith seemed to show no bias towards any certain points of view when it came to this book. I thought that would be very difficult once I started reading and saw that it was about Christianity, one of the biggest religions in the world. Everyone is bias when it comes to religion so for him to go through the whole book and history of the Crusades without sounding â€Å"preachy† I thought was an accomplishment in itself. I questioned multiple parts of this book though just because I know that even though it started for â€Å"religious gain† I still think that it did in the end become more of a fight for control of land and power. I think that Riley-Smith is very honest but it this book is still so broad that it leaves a lot for the reader to decipher and decide what really happened. In all the research that I did though in to the history of the crusades and Riley-Smith himself, I do think that he gives the most honest representation of the crusades that I have ever seen to date. Like I said, up until now all the books I have read or movies I have seen, I never knew that the crusades was founded on the ideas of Christianity. There are parts that I would like to even go back and read again. I think that he does a fantastic job to keep the history interesting as well as making it easy to read. Johnathan Riley-Smith, I think, is a very knowledgeable historian who would be a very good source for information on this subject. I think that his book worth even using in a class for some sort of project or even a text book. He doesn’t make it incredibly dry, boring, and you want to go to sleep in ten minutes like our text book does to me sometimes. I would recommend this book for anyone who would have to ever do a paper or any type of school work on the crusades. I enjoyed this book very much.

Palestine essays

Palestine essays It can be said that , from the outset, the link between European colonialism in the middle east and the Palestine question, is as strong as the link which exists between the Holy Quran and Muslims, and Jews and the Torah. The reason this statement is accurate is, because the British occupation of Palestine, from 1917 to 1947, was a direct cause of the Palestine question. To understand this point, it is necessary to examine the period in which the British were granted administrative power of Palestine by the League of Nations ,from 1917 to 1948, under the so called Mandate system. The purpose of the mandate was to make the mandated nation capable of self rule by its inhabitants, which in the case of Palestine, was Arab-Palestinians by majority. Instead the British administration in Palestine took Britains self interests into hand and tried to create a national Jewish homeland by Implementing earlier agreements made with Zionist nations, such as the Balfour agreement, Into the manda te which gave them the right to colonize Palestine. This deprived the Palestinians of self-determination and instead made them Another British colony, which led to a Arab revolt. These factors, which must be further looked into to understand there significance to the topic, all contributed to the issue of the Palestinian question , which was placed before the newly formed United nations in April ,1947. To understand the question of Palestine and the conflict which happened because of it Between the Arabs and Jews , we must look to the past of these two groups, for there claims over Palestine have existed since biblical time, and also there religious claims, which adds another Dimension to the conflict. Islam and Judaism have similarities between the two. They both claim from lineage Abraham, the Arab-Muslims from Ishmael, Abraham first son with his handmaiden Hagar. While the Jews, from Isaac, Abrahams and his wife Sarah...

An Analysis of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Kentucky Fried Chicken and McDonalds

An Analysis of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Kentucky Fried Chicken and McDonalds Strengths Among the strengths is that KFC has adequate financial resources. KFC is the second best global fast food brand in terms of value. Besides, KFC enjoys global presence just like McDonalds with almost seventeen thousand (17,000) outlets across 105 countries. Additionally, KFC’s estimated value is US$6 billion. Therefore, as a fast food outlet, KFC has a better financial muscle to facilitate its expansion. Further, KFC enjoys perfect marketing tools. KFC commands the market with a lot of competitors featuring chicken as their main merchandise. It has placed itself plainly with a great trade name among the fast food chains. To illustrate, the company enjoys a strong market standing in the market, China. Besides, KFC gets half of its total revenue from the Chinese market, a market where it has close to 4,000 restaurants (Yang 2014). Weaknesses Despite all its strengths, KFC still receives negative publicity and criticism from PETA. The criticisms result mainly due to the nature of the food they are selling. For instance, the company has received negative criticisms for selling chicken wing with a kidney. Furthermore, they have received negative publicity due to their unhealthy food menu. Some of the firms customers claim that KFC menu contains high-calorie foods. The other weakness that threatens to pull down the brand is high employee turnover. Among the things causing high rates of turnover is, low wage rates. Besides, the company invests so much in training their low skilled workers, which increases the overall cost of operation (Mylonakis Evripiotis 2016). Question 2-LO3b Political Factors Individual state policies enforced by the government, influences the operations of any business and especially, McDonalds. For example, there are people in Europe and America that have been protesting to their states regarding the health effects of taking junk food. The groups allege that obesity and cholesterol are attributable to taking junk foods. Besides, there are other factors like tax laws, employment provisions, and related trade limitations. Undoubtedly, tax rates influence the growth of a business greatly. On the other hand, employment laws like working hours regulations will necessitate a business to hire more staff. If a state amends such laws, then the cost of doing business will go up (Greenspan 2015). Economic Factors Further, Greenspan (2015) points out that changes in inflation and exchange rates affect businesses like McDonalds, which enjoy of a global presence. The chains have no otherwise other than to adapt to the changes and implications of the economic environments. For example, when the rate of inflation goes up, the cost of raw materials increases. It is correct to argue that economic factors affect demand and supply relationship. Besides, cost of living and wage rate can affect the operations of business in a state. Socio-Cultural Factors McDonalds global strategies seem to act on a number of fields to ensure worthwhile profits for the firm. For example, the business thrives by creating a positive attitude from their regulars. McDonalds have comprehended its regulars based on their various aspects. Based recent research, most customers frequenting McDonald’s outlets are below the age of 35 (Greenspan 2015). Technological Factors Additionally, McDonalds main marketing tool is using television advertisements. In addition, the advancement in technology allows the business to conduct elements like inventory system and supply chain management through advanced payment systems. Their integration with advanced systems adds value to their products. Adoption of technology, therefore, allows the company to operate efficiently in a global context (Greenspan 2015). Environment Nonetheless, the operations of McDonalds in a particular region influence its social responsibility, for instance, accusations of environmental damage. To illustrate, if McDonald chooses to employ non-biodegradable substances for the glasses and Styrofoam coffers, they will face such claims and allegations (Greenspan 2015). Question-3LO3c According to Air New Zealand (2013), the company focuses on the contentment of both the staff and clientele and promotion. Being a number one airline in the world is not easy. It requires a joint effort from both the management and staff. Their skilled workforce enables the company to serve its clients satisfactorily. The airline has dedicated staff, and that is why the company won the ATW award in 2010and 2012. Further, promotion and high rate of sales contribute to its excellent performance. Marque (2012) points out that the airlines working methods has enabled them to earn high revenues of up to NZ$4,486 million (in 2012). Among the external environmental factors, influencing the companys ability to achieve goals is the strategic alliance. For example, the company entered into a partnership with, Quantas. An alliance with Quantas presents one of the primary and most fundamental pillars of the airline. The company could not go alone on international routes. The best they could do was to form an alliance to solve its strategic dilemmas (Air New Zealand, 2012). Diebelius (2015) in his arguement asserts that the innovative nature of the company provides its clients with the best long-haul flights to various destinations. SkyCouch and Spaceseat are two extraordinary innovations that the company has achieved. Furthermore, a consistently high standard of customer services has enabled the company to compete favorably. The airline constantly reinvents and refines its products. After developing the SkyCouch and the Spaceseat, other airlines would have taken time out. By the time the other airlines are on that pl atform, Air New Zealand is on its next innovation giving it a competitive advantage over other airlines. Question 4-Lob4 From a classical perspective, the purpose of business to exist is for distributing goods and services to the society. Thereafter, the business will create economic value, which consequently generates income for the companys shareholders (Kitzmueller Shimshack 2012). The management runs an organization in the best interest of the owners. In the case of Fonterra, the company should focus a lot on the interest its shareholders rather than the society. According to the socio-economic view of social responsibility, maximizing income comes as a second priority. What comes first is, protecting the society in which the business operates in by improving the general welfare of the people (Kitzmueller Shimshack 2012). In this case, Fonterra should focus so much on the society rather than the interests of the owners.

Construction Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Construction Law - Assignment Example The feedback from the client is also on the negative side as projects are unpredictable regarding delivery time, budgets always exceeding the initial estimated and quality of work failing to meet industry standards. (Department of Trade and industry, 1998)A lot of time is also lost in trials and litigations thereafter. Another problem is that the industry is highly fragmented with a lot of players thus leading to loss of continuity in working and delay in assessing ones exact scope of work. It is with respect to these ambiguities that a proper study of the English Contract Law needs to be done prior to entering into an agreement. A contract is a set of promises made by one party to another party, the breach of which could enter both the parties into a dispute. The clauses in the contract would then act as a sort of remedy of the performance to be undertaken. Some of the terms relevant to the English Contract Law are (i) The Proof of the Promise: This is achieved by the idea of objective intention. This would in effect be the intentions of the concerned parties that an external observer like a court would decide when this matter is referred to it. A case which illustrates this idea is that of the ‘Smith v. Hughes (1871). This involved the claimant making a sale of oats to the defendant who bought these to feed his horses. Horses require old oats since newly harvested oats can cause digestion problem for the horses. However it later came to light that the oats were not old enough to feed the horses. The defendant subsequently refused to pay any money to the claimant. The critical point in this judgement is for the judge to decide whether the sale of oats by the claimant unreasonable when he was offering to sell old oats and how could one possibly decide whether the oats were old enough to feed horses. (Tilbury Nadine, 2006) (ii) The Form of

Write your opinion about northern ontario Assignment

Write your opinion about northern ontario - Assignment Example This place the region in the north although the region is not very northerly compared to other Canadian provinces. The only distinct region in Ontario is the north and south. Over the years, the region that can be referred to as North Ontario registered a population decline. At the same time, southern Ontario gained population. In addition, the northern part is sparsely population but the southern regions have more people per square kilometer by more than 100 times. This population difference has not always been like that. According to statistics, northern Ontario has lost people due to emigration. The difference between the northern regions and the southern regions was probably not as large in the past. Economy in the north has been characterized by boom and bush. This probably explains wild population changes. Migrations must have been dictated by this boom and bust cycles. This kind of boom/bust cycles are common with economies that rely heavily in resource extraction. As long as the resource has huge demand, the boom attracts people and bust pushes people into other regions. Population in the north could have been more stable if the region’s economy was more diverse. There is little manufacturing that can give people stable jobs. The north trails other regions in terms of employment. The further north you move, the worse the problem of unemployment. When Ontario is compared to other regions in the county, the region as a whole fares poorly. Politically, the region feels isolated from the rest of Ontario. The problems of employment and exclusion are worse in the north and this creates disaffection. As a result, Northern Ontario Heritage Party want a separate province for the north so that the region’s problems can be better articulated without submersing them in those of the more prosperous southern region and other parts of Ontario. Northern also consider the southern ignorant of the problems that are present in the north. To make

Support the Provision of Environment and How My Work Environment Is Organised to Promote the Development of Children Essay Example for Free

Support the Provision of Environment and How My Work Environment Is Organised to Promote the Development of Children Essay Support the provision of environment and how my work environment is organised to promote the development of children The physical and emotional environment we create for children at Wattville primary school has a huge impact on their development. The environment is stimulating and attractive as children learn though their senses they need the environment to be interesting and visually attractive. There are also different types of activities and play opportunities; the layout of the classroom is well planned and organised and there is a variety of equipment which meets individual needs. Outside the classroom, along the corridor there are pegs for the children to hang up their coats, hats and scarves, these are personalised with each child’s name helping to promote children’s intellectual development as they learn to recognise their name and location of their peg. Inside the classroom, near the door there is a table with trays on it for children to put their water bottles in, this allows children to gain easy access to a source of drinking water throughout the day as they need to stay hydrated in order to concentrate and take part in activities. The book corner is situated on the left hand side as soon as you enter the classroom, away from other activities to minimise disruption to children who want to use the area. There is a desk and chairs for children who wish to sit and read there and this area is also used for one to one reading sessions. There is also a soft seating area with pillows and cuddly toys so that children can relax while enjoying their book. There are a variety of books for the children of all abilities and cultures to enjoy. The book corner helps to promote children’s language development and fine motor skills development. It also supports their social and emotional development as they sit with friends sharing stories and at times playing ‘being the teacher’ where they pretend to be the teacher reading the story to the children using facial expressions and changing the tone of their voice. At the maths area there are bright, colourful equipment set out including shape sorters and abacuses. This area supports children’s mathematical development as well as their language and fine motor skill development. The computer area consists of one computer and a printer, this develops children’s fine motor skills as they learn to move and click the mouse during different computer based activities. Children’s social and emotional skills are also encouraged as they learn to share and take turns. The writing area is set up with a variety of writing resources including; white boards, papers, pencils, felt tips etc. This area is set up to promote children’s communication, language and literacy as well as their creative development as they use their imaginations e. g. to create lists or write stories. The creative area is situated at the back of the class room where it is not carpeted so that any spillage can be cleaned up easily. There are a variety of resources which include; coloured paper/card, materials such as foam and foil, scissors, glue, paint etc. This area promotes children’s fine motor skill development and also supports their language development as they begin to ask questions and talk about things that they are creating. The sand and water play is also located at the back of the classroom on suitable flooring away from books, tables and chairs to minimise mess and ensure children’s safety. Water and sand play helps children’s fine motor skills and also supports social development as children play and interact with their friends and peers. The tables and chairs are set out in a way which allows children to move around the classroom with ease. There are a number of colourful and attractive displays containing the children’s work around the classroom. There is also a behaviour chart and reward charts displayed in the classroom, this helps children’s emotional development as they feel valued and it also encourages their confidence and self-esteem.

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El hombre, desde su surgimiento ha disfrutado de las riquezas de la naturaleza, pero en esos momentos no las afectaba en un grado considerable. En las etapas posteriores del desarrollo de la sociedad humana fue creciendo la capacidad del mismo de modificar su medio ambiente, y consecuentemente, se presentà ³ la necesidad de salvaguardar la naturaleza de los efectos nocivos de esta actividad. El impacto ambiental es el efecto que produce la actividad humana sobre el medio ambiente. El concepto puede extenderse a los efectos de un fenà ³meno natural catastrà ³fico. Tà ©cnicamente, es la alteracià ³n de la là ­nea de base ambiental. Los recursos naturales se encuentran amenazados en todos los sentidos. El agua, el suelo y el aire son recursos que està ¡n siendo afectados por acciones sin estudios previos que permitan mitigar estos impactos. La minimizacià ³n del impacto ambiental es un factor importante en los estudios de cualquier proyecto que se quiera llevar a cabo. Con esto se puede lograr que los efectos secundarios sean positivos, o menos negativos. En estos dà ­as que està ¡ tan de moda hablar de sostenibilidad y de cà ³mo las empresas grandes y pequeà ±as se vinculan con la comunidad y el ambiente, es importante repasar estos conceptos para tener claro cuà ¡les son los aspectos medulares que definen una empresa sostenible. Sostenibilidad se puede definir como el uso equilibrado y responsable de los recursos naturales de manera que se pueda dar el desarrollo econà ³mico, social y ambiental de una comunidad a muy largo plazo. Las empresas como motores de desarrollo econà ³mico tienen una responsabilidad enorme con las comunidades donde està ¡n inmersas y sus metas no solo se limitan a la creacià ³n de empleo y riqueza, sino a la proteccià ³n del medio ambiente y ... ... seà ±ala para definir si esta es una empresa sostenible, se puede notar su real compromiso ambiental y la conciencia que estos tienen para con el uso de recursos naturales; es mà ¡s que obvio, tambià ©n su desarrollo econà ³mico, pues la compaà ±Ãƒ ­a logra obtener cantidades industriales de ganancias, obteniendo asà ­ gran renombre a nivel mundial. Cabe notar su gran aporte social, primeramente para con sus empleados y la atencià ³n que se les da a estos y a sus familias que toman forma de becas, apoyos financieros, seguridad y beneficios diversos, asà ­ como a la sociedad apoyando por medio de fundaciones a las comunidades. El equipo cree que al cumplir con los requisitos antes mencionados, Chrysler cumple las expectativas de ser una empresa sostenible en todos los aspectos y no sà ³lo por cumplir, sino por el no conformarse con serlo sino buscar siempre una mejorà ­a en su desarrollo.

Public Health in Microbiological Labs in Middle East Essay

The focus of public health intervention is to improve health and quality of life through the prevention and treatment of diseases and other physical and mental health conditions, through surveillance of cases and the promotion of healthy behaviors .and because the field playing challenges and professionals to meet the complex health issues. I wish to apply for PhD in public health. Because intended to build on the current health-for-all strategy and act as a blueprint for gathering and using information for health to guide policy-makers and service providers of a future health system. Its main theme is the orientation or reshaping of health services so that improving people’s health and quality of life becomes the primary and unifying focus of the work of health care policy-makers and providers. The works in microbiological labs faced a lot of infectious disease, environmental hazards, and injury. Listeriosis, a serious infection usually caused by eating food contaminated with the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, is an important public health problem around the world. The disease primarily affects older adults, pregnant women, newborns, and adults with weakened immune systems. However, rarely, persons without these risk factors can also be affected. The risk may be reduced by recommendations for safe food preparation, consumption, and storage. and because there are no vaccines against the bacteria that cause listeriosis, I want to study this case to understand how can we improve the public health in different microbiological labs (food and clinical) especially for women . Also, Health systems currently operate within an environment of rapid social, economic and technological change. Health systems are also nowadays under continuous scrutiny by planners, purchasers and users of the services. In  order to achieve the overall goals of good health, it is important to identify some of the critical health challenges facing health development. The critical health challenges are in the areas of: strengthening the organization of health services; health financing; health resources for health; and health education Food safety: poses a growing public health concern with potentially serious economic consequences. The primary work function is to use microbiology to improve the health of populations in collaboration with other public health disciplines especially with epidemiologists. We have to preparedness for responding to new infectious diseases threats requires a sustainable infrastructure of microbiological laboratories which play a central role in detection, monitoring, outbreak response, and providing scientific evidence to prevent and control infectious diseases. A range of expertise is necessary to fulfill these requirements including epidemiology and public health microbiology. microbiologists is required to provide access to experts with expertise/experience of the important communicable diseases at the regional, national and international level for mounting a rapid response to emerging health threats. Because the organizational laboratory network models and provision of expert professionals serving these functions differ widely across Middle East. (http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/1012_ Methodology of study The study will be conducted in microbiological labs (food & medical microbiology labs)inside or outside the university and the parts of research may taken in my country. The methods include library research, lab work, volunteers, survey evaluation and analysis. Search Plan & Project Timeline The objective of this activity is to acquire the skills necessary to plan, conduct and analyse an epidemiological study and to interpret and  communicate its results It is recommended that fellows participate in all stages of a study. Although this may not always be possible within two years, the fellow should attempt to contribute to as many stages as possible: †¢ Identify a problem of public health importance; †¢ Review literature; †¢ Identify and write study question and the hypothesis to be tested; †¢ Choose the study design and study population; †¢ Choose appropriate methodology; †¢ Develop a plan of analysis; †¢ Write a detailed protocol (obtain a review of the protocol from the host institute supervisor and EPIET coordinators); †¢ Seek financial support if necessary; †¢ Conduct a pilot study and, if necessary, make modifications; †¢ Constitute and brief the study team; †¢ Manage a team; †¢ Obtain ethical approval; †¢ Collect and analyse data; †¢ Interpret the results; †¢ Disseminate and communicate the information; †¢ Write a scientific report and/or a scientific article 4. Expected outcome from proposed research After completion of my research activities by getting information about the condition of microbiological labs in my country. The government could take necessary initiatives for immediate prevention and application of the public health to the buildings and staff working in this field from prevention them to get acquired for the diseases that can get from the pathogenic bacteria. After public health application we can get lab accredited. The Government organizations and different non-government organizations will also be benefited by getting such research information. The Government policy maker can be used this study finding in their regulating and planning activities. 5. Application of the Expected output The proposed research can become a role model in conducting similar research in other communities and countries espicaally if we looking for the poor middle east countries like Pakistan , Somalia, sudan ,,,,,,,,,,,etc. The outcomes of the proposed research can also be used in developing new techniques for sustainable lab management. It can also be used in improving the existing community. The research work can develop awareness among the local people about the diseases To take stapes to increase awareness among the local community. To maintain the environment healthy and clean. To fix-up correct type of treatment units and effective measures. To know the operational efficiency of various units of treatment. Review of Literature FIELDWORK – Since my research question deals partly with what attitudes and information influence individuals’ diet choices, I will use two types of labs fronts for my field research Food, microbiological labs which based on food born microorganisms and medical microbiological labs which based on in some chronic diseases of humans especially in the woman. It will allow me to learn how if there is any difference between the danger can caused to the woman especially to the pregnant woman by the isolation of food borne bacteria and clinical bacteria (i.e if there is any difference in the affect of the same strains bacteria like listeria monocytogenousus from food or from clinical ) and also understand how toward public health, can impact upon their business. INDUSTRY and ITS CRITICS I will look at a number of public resources produced related to food and clinical. Government statistics and food safety/inspection programs will be part of my interest. But I will also want to see what kind of argument is going on between food and clinical groups. How do they report information about crises and how do they describe the health and safety issues. BOOKS ON microbiological bacteria; POPULAR MEDIA I hope to get a sense of some of the general trends in microbiology bacteria toward what who they deal with the pathogenic bacteria. ACADEMIC and SPECIALIZED JOURNALS ON microbiology Ultimately I hope to get some solid information on safety and risk of various kinds of bacteria, in relation both to food-borne diseases and the clinical  borne diseas, but also to general health. At this point, I have not been able to find a general enough treatment of these issues to be of much help. References Listeria monocytogenes: the nature, public health aspects and retrospective situations of an emerging infectious pathogen in Nigerian OOC Chukwu, ID Chukwu, OA Olabode, CI Nwosuh, CI Nwosuh Animal Production Research Advances Vol. 2(2) 2006: 86-93 Public Health Agency of Canada. (2008). Listeria monocytogenes outbreak.http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/alert-alerte/listeria/listeria_2008-eng.php Roberts, A. J., & Wiedmann, M. (2003). Pathogen, host and environmental factors contributing to the pathogenesis of listeriosis. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 60(5), 904-918

Globalization Process Essay

Globalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture.[1][2] Globalization describes the interplay across cultures of macro-social forces. These forces include religion, politics, and economics. Your shirt was made in Mexico and your shoes in China. Your CD player comes from Japan. You can travel to Moscow and eat a Big Mac there and you can watch an American film in Rome. Today goods are made and sold all over the world, thanks to globalization. Globalization lets countries move closer to each other. People, companies and organizations in different countries can live and work together. We can exchange goods , money and ideas faster and cheaper than ever before. Modern communication and technology, like the Internet, cell phones or satellite TV help us in our daily lives. Globalization is growing quickly. A German company can produce cars in Argentina and then sell them in the United States. A businessman in Great Britain can buy a part of a company in Indonesia on one day and sell parts of another business in China the next, thanks to globalization. Fast food companies open shops around the world almost every day. Advantages * Globalization lets countries do what they can do best. If, for example, you buy cheap steel from another country you don’t have to make your own steel. You can focus on computers or other things. * Globalization gives you a larger market. You can sell more goods and make more money. You cancreate more jobs. * Consumers also profit from globalization. Products become cheaper and you can get new goods more quickly. Disadvantages * Globalization causes unemployment in industrialized countries because firms move their factories to places where they can get cheaper workers. * Globalization may lead to more environmental problems. A company may want to build factories in other countries because environmental laws are not as strict as they are at home. Poor countries in the Third World may have to cut down more trees so that they can sell wood to richer countries. * Globalization can lead to financial problems. In the 1970s and 80s countries like Mexico, Thailand, Indonesia or Brazil got a lot of money from investors who hoped they could build up new businesses there. These new companies often didn’t work, so they had to close down and investors pulled out their money. * Some of the poorest countries in the world, especially in Africa, may get even poorer. Their population is not as educated as in developed countries and they don’t have the new technology that we do. * Human, animal and plant diseas es can spread more quickly through globalization.

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buy custom Mayan Demise essay There is no doubt that The Maya are widely known for initiating civilization of Mesoamerica. Research suggests three periods characterized the Mayan civilization. The periods include the Pre-Classic between 300BC and 250AD, Classic Period 250AD and 900AD, and Post Classic between 900AD (Alex, 2007). All the periods were very significant in the history of Mayan civilization. However, around 750AD, during the post Classic period, the Mayan civilization witnessed a systematic collapse or demise. Subsequently, various theories, myths and tales have been postulated in an attempt to explain how this great civilization collapsed. A theory presented in Kerr's journal points at climate changes as the catalyst towards the disappearance of the Maya civilization (Mark, 2007). The Mayan agricultural system relied on clearing the rain forest and burning of the vegetation to provide land for various agricultural practices. Their population continued to grow and with time, the fields could not be left uncultivated or fallow for long enough to regain fertility. The fields were then overworked and production stifled, therefore, there was inadequate food for the local wildlife and this led to migration and scattering (Michael, 1992). Another theory suggests war as the possible cause for the decline of the Mayan system. Jared Diamond in his book How the societies choose to fail or succeed explains that the Mayan leaders used many of their resources to warfare, while simultaneously forgetting that resources were finite (Mark, 2007). This numerous warfare could have prompted the Mayans to flee discard and abandon their agricultural methods, which were conventional. With intense war and lack of food, Mayans may have fled for survival.New diseases could also break out causing mayhem because of war with strange new people. This might have resulted to the decline of the Mayan society. I tend to support the second theory on warfare as the most probable cause of the decline of the Mayan civilization. This is because it is possible for a government to make wrong decisions in warfare using laws that mislead the people and premises of justice (Alex, 2007). Every government has individuals who neglect their responsibilities hence hurting the people or even leading to distinction. It is therefore possible that the Mayan decline was a result of poor decisions by faulty officials. Buy custom Mayan Demise essay

Research Methodology and methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Research Methodology and methods - Essay Example Since this disorder has no scientifically proven single kind of a treatment for cure, the treatment for this disorder must specially aim towards being especially adaptable for meeting the needs of each individual child with disorder (Myers, Johnson, and Council on Children with Disabilities, 2007). In the past few decades, the UK government has largely focused on the inclusive mode of education to facilitate the process of social adjustment for children with any form of disorder including autism (Broach, Chalmers, Laurance, McKay, McKenzie, and Mustapha, 2004). This has been acheived chiefly through an emphasis on creating more mainstream schools that are inclusive in nature, where students of all kind (with special needs or otherwise) are made apart of the general stream and studies and provided for accordingly (Wilkinson and Twist, 2010). This paper will deal with this topic of educational system for boys with autism in Saudi Arabia, based on guidelines framed by the UK government for the British system of education. Methodology Any research work is actually a procedure of various systemic enquiries on a certain chosen problem that ultimately leads to the conception of new knowledge on that particular subject (Graziano & Raulin, 2009, 26). Since my topic is chiefly based on the autism and relevant suitable modes of education for autistic children, it deals with the problem seen in the modern mode of education that tends to differentiate between general students and special needs children. It will thus be a ‘systematic inquiry whose objective is to provide the information that will allow†¦problems to be solved’ (Blumberg, Cooper, and Schindler, 2005, 20). Here the problem is related to the education processes used for imparting education to the children with disorders (autism), where we find that under the traditional mode of education special needs children are provided with a different form of education thus segregating them form the genera l students. This leads to later maladjustment by the children with disorders, to the normal social and workplace environment. While some countries have recently started focusing on the inclusive mode of education, there are problems arising in this new mode of education too, where the general educators cannot meet the demands of teaching general students and special needs children, under one classroom setting. In order to arrive at a workable solution for the above stated problem issues, my paper will follow the research process methodology as outlined by Graziano & Raulin, which is represented in the flow chart given below in Fig 1. Their procedure is bases on observation and rationalism, or reasoning through analysis. Here the whole systemic enquiry starts with the generation of idea (the management question), which is often initiated through personal experiences (me being an avid internet user) or other’s research work (studying books, magazines or articles on the subject of web marketing and the social media platform). Once the problem has been defined and the research questions framed, the procedure design starts. Under this section many journals, books, articles, and governmental publications, will be studied to comprehend the meaning of autism, and the types of educational modes that are suitable for imparting effective education to the special needs children. Various data will be collected and analyzed from the different governmental (UK) websites to understand the scope and nature of inclusive mode of education, and also the nature of the various problems faced by the general educa

Midterm 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Midterm 2 - Essay Example For a country to increase its species, it had to export more than its imports. Since manufactured goods were highly expensive compared to agricultural products, nation’s importing manufactured goods were richer. Mercantilism recommended Britain to import agricultural products from its colonies such as America and sell them manufactured goods. After independence, America intended to manufacture  it citizens’ expertise to limit their dependence Jefferson, however did not consent to  the decision. When answering a French diplomat, Marbois, on the state of manufacturing, commerce, and interior trade, Jefferson recommended that the county should not focus on manufacturing but rather concentrate on agricultural production. He recommends that the county Virginia should focus on agricultural production and let the British manufacture what he see as a partnership. He believed that small sufficient farmers were the best citizens and that God chose the labours in earth. This is because they were hard working, more trustworthy and more moral. Alexander Hamilton, in 1791, proposed an economic program aid for the national infant industries, through high tariffs (Hamilton 5). Economic program aid aimed at protecting American companies from foreign competition government subsidies and improvement of internal transport, which could make transport cheap for American industrial use. The intension was to clear the British manufacturing hood in America. He argues that manufacturing does not only earn revenue but also render the produce of greater importance. Unlike Jefferson, he was determined to make the nation self-dependent by fully producing products that its citizen may depend. Finally, he gives it an economical view that the country can export its products to earn it more income, unlike Jefferson’s partnership view Both the declaration and common sense enlightened Americans to advocate their rights to equality and freedom from